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Tuesday, December 31, 2013

CMOS Sensor Operation in Camera

Until recently the industrial digital vision sensor market was dominated by the CCD array. However technological advances in CMOS production techniques have led to a gradual increase in the popularity of this sensor type. Like CCD arrays, CMOS sensors are also formed on a silicon substrate but the structure is more akin to that of other CMOS technology such as RAM and ROM memory devices.

The diagram below is that of an actual CMOS sensor showing the active pixel area in green and the area occupied by the on chip circuitry in yellow, which replaces that of the shuttered area on a CCD based sensor. The on chip circuitry actually converts the charge into voltage on each pixel whereas the CCD sensor shifts the charge vertically row by row, and then horizontally pixel by pixel to be converted to voltage when it reaches one or more output nodes. This gives CMOS sensors an advantage when it comes to windowing or a region of interest as the pixels can be read out randomly. CCD sensors can only limit its region of interest vertically with the resulting image always containing the data for the full image width.
The on chip active amplifier and the sampling capacitor give CMOS sensors advantages in terms of speed, full well capacities and much improved response characteristics yet introduce dark current level noise and higher black pixel content. CMOS sensors can also produce higher levels of fixed pattern noise than that of CCD, but this type of noise can be easily removed with a software filter.

The development of CMOS sensor technology has been a rapid and varied process. The initial aim of CMOS sensors was to match the imaging performance of CCD technology, with lower power requirements and at less cost. To achieve this performance it was discovered that a much greater level of manufacturing process adaptation and deeper submicron lithography were required than initially expected. This led to the desired CMOS performance but increased development costs more than anticipated.

At first the low power feature of the CMOS imaging sensors was set to be one of their distinct advantages, however the improved development of CCD sensors means that while CMOS has the advantage in this area, the margin is now much smaller.

The integration of on chip control circuitry with the CMOS imager provides the sensor with greater flexibility and integration, the downside has been the introduction of greater noise levels. Both CMOS and CCD imaging sensors still require support chips to process the image, however CMOS imagers can be produced with more functionality on the sensor chip, as shown below.
The spectral response of a CMOS sensor differs from that of the CCD sensors in that the peak response is sited at around 700Nm. Both sensors operate over the same range, typically 200Nm to 1100Nm.

The main advantages of CMOS imaging sensors still remain as faster response, increased integration flexibility and lower on-chip power demands. However the image quality has yet to match that of the CCD and the supporting chips required to increase the CMOS image quality goes some way to squander its previous advantages. Yet neither sensor is categorically superior to the other. They both have their own advantages and disadvantages and with CMOS developers working on the image quality, and CCD developers aiming to reduce power demands and increase flexibility, the existing margins in place to decide which sensor is most suitable for an application look to narrow further.

Friday, December 20, 2013

Electronic Guardian Angel That Spots The Bad Guys And Respects Your Privacy


Electronic Guardian Angel That Spots The Bad Guys And Respects Your Privacy

New computerized surveillance cameras detect & confirm threats from one meter to one mile

A former BT communications manager, turned inventor, reckons that his intelligent CCTV surveillance company has developed a “Guardian Angel” video surveillance technology, which can keep us all safe from crime and violence whilst protecting our Right to Privacy. Stuart Thompson was a recognized innovator with British Telecom, where he led in the development of the high speed modems that introduced broadband internet. He has now used his high-speed expertise and ingenuity to develop an award-winning intelligent moving camera system that will passively observe and ignore innocent goings-on, but quickly alert human operators to suspicious or dangerous activity. In addition to crime-busting on Britain's streets, Stuart Thompson claims the system can significantly enhance Homeland Security whilst unobtrusively safeguarding our schools or our elderly and vulnerable citizens in care homes and hospitals.

Thompson is President and owner of Viseum UK. He reminds us how the Director General of MI5 recently warned that thousands of Islamic extremists living in the UK, currently saw their British home as a legitimate target. He adds that the UK Home Office also admitted the E-Borders programme had failed to detect and intercept major crime suspects at our national borders. Elsewhere at another end of the spectrum, the CQC recently recommended surveillance camera installation in care homes to protect vulnerable adults from abuse by a few reckless and abusive members of staff. In a busy, populated area, these all represent significant albeit very different security challenges that have dogged ordinary CCTV providers and the security industry for decade. As Stuart Thompson puts it;

“Discerning suspicious and potentially harmful indicators within a sea of mundane, innocent routine is a needle-in-the-haystack task, that human beings are exceptionally bad at.”

However the London inventor, claims he has the solution in a computer-automated CCTV system, optimised for the complex and busy environments that we live and work in. Viseum UK’s globally patented Intelligent Moving Camera (IMC) is controlled by iVOS (an Intelligent Virtual Operator system). Viseum intelligent CCTV systems can recognize and track suspicious activity and a known hooligan, criminal or terrorist, with far greater reliability than any human CCTV operator. The system uses a ring of automated surveillance cameras to passively gaze in every direction and be aware of all activity around them. The system quickly learns its surroundings and “normal” activity. However, Thompson points out that footage of routine events largely stays within the camera unit – unseen by a human. Only when the iVOS Virtual Operator detects unusual or potentially suspicious and dangerous activity, will a human operator in a central control room, be alerted. The security operator will be shown edited footage of what the Viseum system spotted. He can then alert the authorities, emergency services or security patrols and guide them onto the scene. In the meantime, the Intelligent Moving Camera system has automatically fired into evidence collection mode. It takes control of a high clarity pan, tilt zoon camera to capture forensic quality images of what is going on and who is involved. Thompson explains that his Find, Fix, Follow (F3) capability uses behaviour algorithms, plus face, person and vehicle number plate recognition technology to track a suspect or perpetrator wherever they go within the streets, buildings and corridors covered by the Viseum camera network. Viseum iVOS is just as adept at spotting a suspiciously abandoned holdall, agitated behaviour, a neglected patient, or a harassed lone female late at night. However, should there be nothing untoward going on, then the images stay within the system’s hard-drive to be recorded over at a specified point. “I designed the IMC and iVOS systems to be virtual guardian angels, benignly gazing upon our daily lives, but ready to intervene should we be threatened,” 

Depending on the camera hardware used, each of these Viseum camera units delivers surveillance security from close quarters in a bedroom, through an airport and up to an area the size of an Olympic Park. Viseum's technology is well known to several police forces and borough councils, for the positive impact they have had upon crime and anti-social behaviour in the UK's public spaces. Conviction statistics show that criminals and ASBO offenders have good reason to fear them. Optimised for busy streets and crowded cities, with 360-degree coverage up to extreme distances, the Intelligent Moving Camera never blinks, never gets tired, looks in the wrong direction or gets distracted.

Viseum emphasises that it aims to optimise and supplement the human response to security incidents, rather than replace them completely. Viseum’s military force-protection & security experts, term this as "force-multiplication" freeing up people to do what they do best - interact with other people. Thompson explains, "Our surveillance solutions are the best. We offer security practitioners a continuous 360 degree unblinking stare across any area of responsibility, without the need for hundreds of CCTV cameras and valuable monitoring staff. It will also provide instantaneous forensic analysis of a previously unknown perpetrator's movements before and after the event. We can present patrols, incident commanders and the judiciary with an unbroken golden thread of video evidence, about what happened and who was involved. Viseum adds, "Viseum iVOS can also contribute to and enhance wider security at hospitals and care homes where intruders may attempt access or confused patients might wander off”.

Viseum has recently visited the USA to take part in a technology showcase at “Government Security Expo” in Dallas Texas. It was striking though not surprising that we share so many security challenges with the States,” said Thompson. “Local police chiefs, military base commanders, university campus supervisors, care home providers and Homeland Security practitioners all shared a fear of the low probability but high impact event that could occur within their area of responsibility. To use military parlance, they want perfect “Situational Awareness and Ground Truth” before, during and after an incident. We think that Viseum can deliver this for them and are actively involved in talks to secure an American partner to introduce our technology in this region.

For more information on the Viseum intelligent surveillance systems please visit http://www.viseum.co.uk
For further information on this release and other Viseum news and products, please contact Media contact Ian Cumming Director Business Development & Communication
via: t: +44 (0)1322 405724
e: press.office@viseum.co.uk

Sunday, December 8, 2013

MS SQL SERVER VS ORACLE 10G COMPARE

COMPARE MS SQL SERVER VS ORACLE 10G

SQL Server:

Pros:

Its easy installation, self-tuning capabilities, graphical administration, integrated business intelligence and extensive collection of help wizards

The total cost of ownership (TCO) of SQL Server 2005 is lower than that of Oracle
Specialized index on a computed column
Indexed View


Cons:

Locking and concurrency: SQL Server has no multi-version consistency model, which means that "writers block readers and readers block writers" to ensure data integrity


Performance and tuning:

a. DBA has no "real" control over sorting and cache memory allocation. The memory allocation is decided only globally in the server properties memory folder, and that applies for ALL memory and not CACHING, SORTING, etc.
b. All pages (blocks) are always 8k and all extents are always 8 pages (64k). This means you have no way to specify larger extents to ensure contiguous space for large objects.
c. In SQL Server, no range partitioning of large tables and indexes. In Oracle, a large 100 GB table can be seamlessly partitioned at the database level into range partitions.


With SQL Server 2005, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements are executed serially (MERGE is not supported).



Oracle:


Pros :

you can use Oracle on multiple platforms. Whereas Microsoft created SQL Server to be used on the Microsoft platform only, Oracle is available on multiple platforms, including Windows, Unix and now Linux, which is the foundation of Oracle's Real Application Clusters (RAC) strategy.


Locking and concurrency: "readers don't block writers and writers don't block readers." This is possible without compromising data integrity because Oracle will dynamically re-create a read-consistent image for a reader of any requested data that has been changed but not yet committed. In other words, the reader will see the data as it was before the writer began changing it (until the writer commits).


function-based indexes

Oracle will execute INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and MERGE statements in parallel when accessing both partitioned and non-partitioned database objects


Cons:

"Implementation of something similar to MSSQL Identity by using Oracle sequence would require reflecting the sequence name in the application or creating a trigger for each table/sequence pair.

Cost is higher
Required skilled DBA.


CONCURRENCY MODEL

concurrency control. The main differences are summarized in the table below:
Oracle Database 10g SQL Server 2005
Multi-version read consistency Always enabled. Not by default.
Must be enabled.
Non-escalating row-level locking Yes Locks escalate


SQL Server 2005 introduces two new isolation levels3:

read committed with snapshots (statement-level read consistency)
snapshot isolation (transaction-level read consistency)
These isolation levels correspond to Oracle’s READ COMMITTED and SERIALIZABLE isolation levels, respectively.

Saturday, November 23, 2013

CCD Sensor Operation in Camera

This diagram illustrates the general layout of the most common type of CCD array, the Interline Transfer CCD. The CCD is composed of precisely positioned light sensitive semiconductor elements arranged as rows and columns. Each row in the array represents a single line in the resulting image. When light falls onto the sensor elements, photons are converted to electrons, the charge accumulated by each element being proportional to the light intensity and exposure time. This is known as the integration phase. After a pre determined period of time the accumulated charge is transferred to the vertical shift registers.

In cameras conforming to the video standards mentioned above the charge transfer to the vertical shift registers is accomplished in two stages. Initially the charge in the odd numbered rows is transferred, followed by the even rows. Next the charges in the vertical registers are shifted into the horizontal shift register and clocked to the CCD output. Consequently all the odd rows are clocked out first (odd field) followed by all the even rows (even field). The rate at which the charge from the horizontal shift registers is clocked out is governed by the number of elements (pixels) per row and the video standard the camera complies with.
An inherent problem associated with the interline transfer CCD lies in the fact that the vertical shift registers running across the array are insensitive areas and as such act as blind spots. One way of overcoming this is to fabricate micro lenses over each element thereby increasing the effective area of the cell. The lenses also help with the smaller format CCD. Because of the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor substrate on which the CCD is formed each cell has an absolute minimum separation from adjacent cells. Therefore smaller CCDs require smaller cells. Reducing cell size reduces the amount of accumulated charge, using lenses increases the incident light.
Another way of overcoming the problem caused by the vertical shift registers is to do away with them and utilize a different charge transfer mechanism. Frame Transfer CCDs do exactly that. This type of CCD has a separate storage area into which the charge is directly transferred from each cell. This process has to be performed rapidly in order prevent blurring as transfer occurs during the exposure time. Once in the storage area the charge can be clocked out in a similar manner to the interline transfer device.

Thursday, November 7, 2013

Splice the Wires for a Security Camera

Splice the Wires for a Security Camera

Security cameras need two types of cables to operate.
1.       Power supply cable and
2.       Video cable.
Wireless security cameras do not require a video cable but they do require the power supply cable. The power cable transports 12V DC, low-voltage power from the transformer, which is plugged into an 220VAC ~ 110VAC power outlet, to the camera. This cable has two 18 gauge wires, a positive wire and a negative wire, both inside a single jacket. The negative wire will be marked with a black or white stripe. The video cable is a RG-59 / RG6 / RG11: coaxial cable which is shielded and requires BNC connectors to protect the integrity of the video signal being carried.

For Power Supply Cable:

Instructions 1
Use your knife or cable cutters to split the two insulated wires apart approximately three inches from the cut end of the cable, leaving the installation intact on both wires. You can usually pull these apart with your hands. Do this on both ends which you intend to splice together. You should now have two power cables, with two insulated wires coming out of each for a total of four wires to be spliced.

Instructions 2
Remove half an inch of the insulation from the end of each of these four wires.

Instructions 3
Splice these two power cables together, using wire nuts, by twisting the exposed copper ends together making sure that you twist positive from one cable to the positive from the other cable and the negative wire, or striped wire, from one cable to the negative wire, or striped wire, from the other cable. Screw a wire nut on to the joined or twisted together positive wires and a second wire nut on the twisted together negative wires. Lay the wire nuts against the cable and wrap everything with insulated electricians tape.

Instructions 4
Splice these two power cables together, using Butt connectors, by preparing the cables just like you did for the wire nut splice, only without twisting them together. Insert the exposed copper wire from the positive conductor into one end of the butt connector and crimp that end of the connector down. Insert the other positive wire into the other end of the same butt connector and crimp it down. Do the same for the two negative wires using a second Butt connector. Wrap everything with insulated electricians tape.

For Video Cable:

Instructions  5
Look at the cut end of the RG-59 cable and you will see four separate parts which make up this cable. In the center is the copper center conductor wire. Surrounding the center conductor wire is a polyurethane white insulator. Next is the aluminum or copper braid. And finally, there is the outer jacket of the cable. As you prepare this cable for the BNC connector is important that you prepare each of these four separate parts independently of each other. The copper center conductor must remain untouched by the braid.

Instructions 6
Take the BNC crimping tube and hold it alongside the end of the RG 59 cable to measure your first cut. The crimping tube will have a larger diameter part and a smaller diameter part. The larger diameter part is the end of the crimping tube that you want to match against the end of the RG-59 cable.
Instructions 7
Mark, or just eyeball, the outer jacket on the cable where the large part of the crimping tube ends and the smaller part begins. This will be about 3/8 or 1/2 inch from the end of the cable. This measurement depends on the length of the large part of the crimping tube which you have purchased with the BNC connector.
Instructions 8
Cut and remove the outer jacket only by ringing it with a pocket knife or using cable cutters. Be very careful not to damage the aluminum braid which is right underneath the outer jacket.
Instructions 9
Unravel the exposed aluminum braid so you can pull it away from the polyurethane insulation around the copper center conductor.
Instructions 10
Cut and remove the polyurethane insulation from the copper center conductor. You can ring it with a knife or use cable cutters and it should pull free towards the cut end of the center conductor. The cable is now ready for the connector and the cable should now have only the copper center conductor exposed and the aluminum braid pulled back over the outer jacket.
Instructions 11
Slide the crimp tube over the cable with the small end going on the cable first. Before you can slide the crimp tube on you must pull the aluminum braid towards the cut end of the cable so the crimp tube can go around it and slide directly onto the outer jacket of the cable.
Instructions 12
Slide the BNC connector into place, small end first, with the copper center conductor and the polyurethane insulation going inside of the small part of the connector and the aluminum braid and outer jacket staying on the outside of the small part of the connector. As you push the connector down into the cable it will pull the aluminum braid down inside the outer jacket at the same time. Looking inside the connector and make sure that none of the aluminum braid has inadvertently remained inside the connector and possibly touching the center conductor. If the aluminum braid is touching the center conductor the connection will not work.
Instructions 13
Slide the crimping tube back up the outer jacket until it is touching the BNC connector. Use your crimping tool to now crimp the larger portion of the crimping tube and complete the compression placement of the BNC connector.
Instructions 14
Repeat this process, placing the second BNC connector on the second piece of cable. When you have completed this you should have two pieces of video cable with a BNC connector on each piece. Use the BNC barrel connector to connect these BNC connectors together. The video cable splice is now complete.

Tuesday, November 5, 2013

Cable Fault Location Principle and Instrument

Wire and cable fault location equipment has rised as a result of cable applications, using the progress and development of electronic technology, after having a century of changes, the key still but looks Nisshin. As a result of few cable systems failure, positioning experience accumulate very slow. Using the use of automation, technology, the instrument has made substantial progress. Power Cable Fault Locator is utilized to do this work. There are four steps of cable fault location process.
 
(1)CABLE FAULT TYPE JUDGMENT
Should first serious take a look at the failure of cable throughout, fully understand the faulty cable, and detailed records, which will help find fault faster. Positioning method and sort of cable fault. Judgment cable fault type enables you to measure the insulation resistance or DC voltage test. Shaking table or digital megger relative measurement fault cable and white, and metal outer sheath-ground insulation resistance value. Point of failure the measured worth of the insulation resistance measuring voltage, the condition of the environment, sometimes values ??vary greatly. At different voltages, to see the changes over time, the insulation resistance of the fault point, combined with the characteristics from the cable and laying path, so that you can interpret many of information, as an example, the sort of failure as well as the possible positions.
(2)FAULT PRETARGETING
Bridge method and wave reflection way of the the pretargeting two main means. The proportion of resistance on the point of failure on sides of the cable core resistance and instrument constitutes the Murray Bridge, can be a traditional classic cable fault location. Positioning the bridge equipment low cost, simple operation, and had widespread use. Traditional positioning from the bridge, the rated output voltage only 500V, unable to locate high impedance fault. The big quantity of applications, cross-linked polyethylene cable breakdown is difficult to form the conductive zone breakdown point resistance is high, or even have the ability to withstand our prime voltage was flashover type breakdown. Using the positioning of the popularity of wave reflection method, the method of application of the bridge gradually reduce, not known towards the new cable users.
(3)PATH DETECTION
The precise positioning ahead of the point of failure, you need to know the position and direction of the underground cable, the relevant details are often inaccurate, not even. With a dedicated path analyzer measured to find the position and direction of the underground cable. Path analyzer uses the audio induction method to appraise the cable path. The audio generator for the the measured cable input audio signal current on the headend, the receiver is received on a lawn fault cable generates a magnetic signal to its path and depth measurement.
(4)ACCURATELY FIXED
Depending about the kind of fault, there are various ways and instruments for pinpointing. Cable Fault Locator is a necessity. Fault Location in Power Cable is designed to locate cable faults, pinpointing the fault location, route tracing, cable identification, voltage withstand make sure cable information management. It could locate all kinds of cable faults for many voltage level cables, including open circuit, short circuit, low insulation, high insulation and flashover faults, etc. Most power cables were buried underground, invisible, and unrealistic, with modern new power cable fault testing equipment, it may discover the fault point quickly, solve problems immediately and restore power source.

Wednesday, October 30, 2013

The Role of Fiber in Video Networks / IP Video Over OFC

As a kind of Media Converter, Fiber media converters this known as fiber transceivers or Ethernet media converters, are quite obvious networking devices those make it possible for connecting two dissimilar media types such as twisted pair Cat 5 or Cat 6 cable with fiber optic cabling. They may be essential in interconnecting fiber optic cabling-based systems with existing copper-based, structured cabling systems. Fiber ethernet media converters support many different communication protocols including Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, as well as multiple cabling types such as twisted pair, multi-mode and single-mode fiber optics. Fiber media converters can connect different Local area network (LAN) media, modifying duplex and speed settings.
For video security and surveillance professionals, analog video-based CCTV systems have been the tried-and-true technology for many years. However, these same professionals are the first to recognize the migration of Ethernet into new applications beyond the typical office LAN and how Ethernet is playing a role and introducing new challenges to video security networking.
For years, Transition Networks has been talking about the benefit of fiber optic cabling and how media converters can provide a cost effective method of deploying fiber in local area networks and overcome the limitations and drawbacks of copper UTP cabling. These same benefits can be realized by security and surveillance professionals when they integrate fiber into their video networks.

For example, switching media converters can connect legacy 10BASE-T network segments to more modern 100BASE-TX or 100BASE-FX Fast Ethernet infrastructure. For instance, existing Half-Duplex hubs may be attached to 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet network segments over 100BASE-FX fiber. When expanding the reach with the LAN to span multiple locations, fiber transceivers are useful in connecting multiple LANs to form one large campus area network that spans more than a wide geographic area.
Fiber media converters support a variety of data communication protocols including Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, T1/E1/J1, DS3/E3, as well as multiple cabling types for example coax, twisted pair, multi-mode and single-mode fiber optics. Media Converter types range from small standalone devices and PC card converters to high port-density chassis systems offering many advanced features for network management.
On some devices, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) enables proactive management of link status, monitoring chassis environmental statistics and sending traps to network managers in case of a fiber break or perhaps link loss on the copper port.
Fiber media converters can connect different Local area network (LAN) media, modifying duplex and speed settings. Switching media converters can connect legacy 10BASE-T network segments to more recent 100BASE-TX or 100BASE-FX Fast Ethernet infrastructure. For instance, existing Half-Duplex hubs can be linked to 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet network segments over 100BASE-FX fiber.


When expanding the reach of the LAN to span multiple locations, media converters are of help in connecting multiple LANs to make one large campus area network that spans more than a limited geographic area. As premises networks are primarily copper-based, media converters can extend the reach from the LAN over single-mode fiber approximately 130 kilometers with 1550 nm optics.
The coaxial cabling utilized in analog CCTV networks suffers from transmission distance issues. The accepted distance for coax is 185 meters. While this has worked well in the past, the demands for increasing the surveillance coverage have pushed camera locations beyond the standard distances.
As for Ethernet and IP cameras, this distance is even more restrictive at 100 meters. Offering transmission over greater distances, fiber cabling is starting to play a signifigant role in surveillance networks. Fiber cabling supports transmission distances up to 2km on multimode fiber without the need for repeaters or signal boosters - with even greater distances available on single mode fiber.
Indoor applications with florescent lights, electric motors, and other sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) along with sources of radio frequency interference (RFI) can cause disruptions and poor picture quality issues for video over Coax and UTP cabling. The transmission from cameras located outdoors is susceptible to these same conditions as well as the effect from electrical/lightening storms. Due to the nature of how data is transmitted over fiber optic cabling, it does an excellent job of blocking this electrical interference and protecting the quality of the data.
Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology in the LAN is very beneficial in situations where fiber is at limited supply or expensive for provision. In addition to conventional dual strand fiber converters, with separate receive and transmit ports, there are also single strand fiber converters, which can extend full-duplex data transmission approximately 70 kilometers more than one optical fiber.
 Other benefits of media conversion include providing a gentle migration path from copper to fiber. Fiber connections can help to eliminate electromagnetic interference. Also fiber media converters pose being a cheap solution for many who need it switches for use with fiber along with have enough money to pay for them, they can buy ordinary switches and make use of fiber media converters to make use of making use of their fiber network.
 As a fiber optic media converter, you can use it anywhere in the network to integrate newer technology with existing equipment to support new applications, technologies and future growth. Fiber Converters are key aspects of Optical Networking because its long distance operation, high bandwidth capacity and reliablity make fiber optics probably the most desired channel for data communications. Instead of costly, across-the-board upgrades, media converters can extend the productive lifetime of the existing cabling along with the active equipment. FiberStore offers a wide variety of professional fiber optic media converters for Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Serial Datacom interfaces and E1 or T1 voice/data communications.
To aid in the deployment of fiber in these security and surveillance networks, Transition Networks has specifically designed a copper to fiber media converter for analog video applications. These converters are available to support both fixed-focus cameras as well as pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras. As IP cameras begin to replace analog cameras, traditional Ethernet media converters can be used for the fiber integration. Most IP cameras also support power-over-Ethernet (PoE) technology which makes installation of the cameras easier since the camera can be powered over the UTP Ethernet cable. PoE switches, PoE injectors, and PoE media converters are all available to create the functional network needed in today’s hybrid video security and surveillance applications.

Tuesday, October 29, 2013

Hack CCTV Cameras using Google Search

Hack CCTV Cameras using Google Search

ARE YOU WILLING TO BE A HACKER THEN FOLLOW THESE EASY STEPS 

HACKING A CCTV CAMERA ITS NOT JUST A EASY ONE ,BUT I SHOW YOU VERY EASY.FOLLOW THIS STEPS

Hack The IP Based CCTV Cameras Using Google

1-open GOOGLE 
2-search any of these line in GOOGLE......! 

inurl:”ViewerFrame?Mode=
intitle:Axis 2400 video server
inurl:/view.shtml
intitle:”Live View / – AXIS” | inurl:view/view.shtml^
inurl:ViewerFrame?Mode=
inurl:ViewerFrame?Mode=Refresh
inurl:axis-cgi/jpg
inurl:axis-cgi/mjpg (motion-JPEG)
inurl:view/indexFrame.shtml
inurl:view/index.shtml
inurl:view/view.shtml
liveapplet
intitle:”live view” intitle:axis
intitle:liveapplet
allintitle:”Network Camera NetworkCamera”
intitle:axis intitle:”video server”
intitle:liveapplet inurl:LvAppl
intitle:”EvoCam” inurl:”webcam.html”
intitle:”Live NetSnap Cam-Server feed”
intitle:”Live View / – AXIS”
intitle:”Live View / – AXIS 206M”
intitle:”Live View / – AXIS 206W”
intitle:”Live View / – AXIS 210?
inurl:indexFrame.shtml Axis
inurl:”MultiCameraFrame?Mode=Motion”
intitle:start inurl:cgistart
intitle:”WJ-NT104 Main Page”
intext:”MOBOTIX M1? intext:”Open Menu”
intext:”MOBOTIX M10? intext:”Open Menu”
intext:”MOBOTIX D10? intext:”Open Menu”
intitle:snc-z20 inurl:home/
intitle:snc-cs3 inurl:home/
intitle:snc-rz30 inurl:home/
intitle:”sony network inurl:”ViewerFrame?Mode=
intitle:Axis 2400 video server
inurl:/view.shtml
intitle:”Live View / – AXIS” | inurl:view/view.shtml^
inurl:ViewerFrame?Mode=
inurl:ViewerFrame?Mode=Refresh
inurl:axis-cgi/jpg
inurl:axis-cgi/mjpg (motion-JPEG)
inurl:view/indexFrame.shtml
inurl:view/index.shtml
inurl:view/view.shtml
liveapplet
intitle:”live view” intitle:axis
intitle:liveapplet
allintitle:”Network Camera NetworkCamera”
intitle:axis intitle:”video server”
intitle:liveapplet inurl:LvAppl
intitle:”EvoCam” inurl:”webcam.html”
intitle:”Live NetSnap Cam-Server feed”
intitle:”Live View / – AXIS”
intitle:”Live View / – AXIS 206M”
intitle:”Live View / – AXIS 206W”
intitle:”Live View / – AXIS 210?
inurl:indexFrame.shtml Axis
inurl:”MultiCameraFrame?Mode=Motion”
intitle:start inurl:cgistart
intitle:”WJ-NT104 Main Page”
intext:”MOBOTIX M1? intext:”Open Menu”
intext:”MOBOTIX M10? intext:”Open Menu”
intext:”MOBOTIX D10? intext:”Open Menu”
intitle:snc-z20 inurl:home/
intitle:snc-cs3 inurl:home/
intitle:snc-rz30 inurl:home/
intitle:”sony network camera snc-p1?
intitle:”sony network camera snc-m1?
site:.viewnetcam.com -www.viewnetcam.com
intitle:”Toshiba Network Camera” user login
intitle:”netcam live image”
intitle:”i-Catcher Console – Web Monitor”camera snc-p1?
intitle:”sony network camera snc-m1?
site:.viewnetcam.com -www.viewnetcam.com
intitle:”Toshiba Network Camera” user login
intitle:”netcam live image”
intitle:”i-Catcher Console – Web Monitor”

and u will get ip like

99.424.344.434/etc etc 

Friday, October 4, 2013

Analog CCTV storage

When buying a security DVR system on a strict budget, one of the features you will want to pay special attention to is the amount of storage that comes with your DVR. You’ll want to keep a enough archived history in case you’re out of town or away from your home / business for an extended period of time, but how much storage is enough? Do you want to gamble and keep enough storage for just a handful of days? A week? A month? The longer the time frame, the more storage you’ll need.

Key Factors Affecting the Amount of Storage Space

  • # of Days Required
  • Quality of Cameras (# of TVL / Megapixels)
  • DVR Motion Settings
  • DVR Record Rate

For the sake of argument and nice round numbers, we’ll say that a 400 TVL camera takes up 1 MB of memory per minute of recorded footage. By those numbers, a 500GB hard drive would be able to record 512,000 consecutive minutes, or 355.56 days, of completely fictional video footage. Now, let’s say we have a 600 TVL camera that occupies 2.5 MB of memory per minute of recorded footage. That means that the same 500GB hard drive will only be able to record 204,800 consecutive minutes, or 142.22 days, of fake video feeds.

Q: How do I decide how much storage capacity to allow when I'm specifying a digital video recorder?
A: There's no simple answer – every installation must be assessed individually. Key factors affecting storage are picture quality, frame rate, compression method and the length of time for which images are required.

Q: What are the picture quality options?
A: The lowest resolution now normally adopted is CIF (352X288). CIF is generally the rule of thumb when calculating storage capacity, but higher resolutions, such as 2CIF (704X288), 4CIF (704X576) and D1 (720x576), are now often specified. As a guide, CIF images recorded using MPEG4 compression are around 10Kb, 2CIF images around 20Kb and 4CIF around 40Kb. Megapixel cameras usually produce images between 80 and 200Kb each. A balance must be struck between resolution, archive time and budget.

Q: What about frame rates?
A: Always allocate frame rates appropriate to the application. Live motion is 25 full frames-per-second (fps) but each image can be 40Kb or more (4CIF). This means about 1Mb of storage per second of data from each camera – about 3.6Gb per hour. Using 12.5 fps halves storage requirements and still permits lip-sync audio. Where lip sync isn't needed, 4 fps is often acceptable, with corresponding savings in storage.

Q: How do compression methods affect the amount of storage?
A: Significantly! The challenge is to reproduce high quality, high-resolution video using the smallest amount of drive space, but remember that there are no free lunches! If a DVR claims much smaller file sizes than comparable machines with the same compression method, beware – reduced file sizes usually mean reduced quality.

Q: How long should recordings be kept?
A: This depends on the application, but don't automatically adopt the "31-day standard", a hangover from VHS tape. Digital recording is much more flexible. Discuss the options and costs with your client. In general, look at periods where video data cannot be recovered. If this happens to be 20 days, then 20 to 22 days of archive are appropriate.

Q: Is there no easier solution?
A: When in doubt, seek the advice of several professional suppliers to ensure a balanced view. Also, remember that storage is now much less expensive, so over-specifying a little won't significantly affect project costs.
If your DVR has 4SATA/6SATA/8SATA etc then your DVR can take 30days/60Days/90Days/120Days etc. You can used 1TB/2TB/4TB SATA hard Disk for storage. Capture 16-channel DVR Model: DTR4816HD has 8Port SATA.

If we use an ATX Footprint two 9U Rack Enclosures. Each one is Heavy, very nearly 100 Lbs with NOTHING in it. Each Enclosure has 50 Hot Swap Bays for Hard Drives and Two Hard Mount Locations. Today we can put 4.0 Terabyte Hard Drives (SATA-600) in there...up to 100 of them in each of the boxes These drives are SATA Drives with 128 Mb of cache on each one. Additionally, we can add two more hard drives in a hard mount. That gives us up to 400 TB of Storage. As hard drive sizes continue to grow, our storage capability increases. What was literally out of reach for many organizations just a year or so ago, is easy to attain today. You may use 8 Drive, 12 Drive, 16 Drive & 24 Drive Enclosures available.

Extra Note: By Western Digital on Date: 03/12/2014
One major component of every surveillance system is, of course, the cameras. Buyers should opt for kits that offer nothing less than a High Definition (HD) camera that can capture images at a resolution of 1,280 x 720 pixels or even a Full High Definition (FHD) camera that can capture images at 1,920 x 1,080 pixels. High resolution image capture is important as it becomes easier to spot what users are looking for when reviewing the surveillance footage – the last thing users want is for a perpetrator's face (as an example) to be a mess of indistinguishable pixels. And, whether HD or FHD, the cameras should also be able to capture images at a rate of no less than 30 frames per second (FPS). This, again, will help when it comes to reviewing crucial footage.

An equally key component of surveillance systems is the storage being used – in fact this component is what can really make or break the effectiveness of the entire system. If a system is being purchased without storage, the buyer should avoid the temptation to go out and purchase the cheapest hard drive he can find. In most cases this will be some sort of desktop drive that is not designed for 24/7 use, won't be able to capture HD or FHD video from multiple cameras without dropping frames and isn't designed to consume less power and thus generate less heat. This last point is a major concern in terms of reliability, as excessive heat can drastically reduce the life of a hard drive and can also adversely affect read and write operations when the drive is being used in the surveillance system.
A buyer should, ideally, look for hard drives that offer surveillance-relevant optimizations such as AllFrame technology, which not only improves playback performance but works with ATA streaming to reduce errors and frame loss. The drives should also be designed for 24/7 usage and offer features such as IntelliPower, which enables a drive to consume less power and thus generate less heat. This is ideal when a drive is going to be installed in a passively cooled storage enclosure, whether on its own or in-conjunction with several other hard drives.

Considering the high importance of storage in surveillance systems, vendors such as WD have introduced dedicated table-top surveillance drives that boast the aforementioned technology optimizations. The recently introduced WD Purpledrive family has been compatibility tested with hundreds of surveillance systems and offer up to 4TB of capacity on a single drive. Purple drives are uniquely designed for mainstream surveillance systems and offer the perfect blend of performance, reliability and cost - the drives are recommended for use in systems with between 1-to-8 drive bays and where between 1 to as many as 32 HD cameras are used.

Besides selecting the right type of drive, one also has to consider the amount of storage that is needed. Just how much storage is needed varies depending on the specifications of the cameras and then length of time users intend to keep your video surveillance data. The amount of time businesses maintain surveillance data varies drastically but the norm is gradually shifting from as little as 7 days to 30 days. (Certain organizations are legally required to retain data for even longer periods of time.) A general rule of thumb is the longer you are able to retain data, the better it is.

Since the video surveillance enter into megapixel IP era, the required storage capacity significantly increased, which directly increased the demands for hard disc drives.  Western Digital chose to cooperate with Hikvision to launched Purple series HDDs which are dedicated for video surveillance application. Seagate also launched ST4000VX000, which is a surveillance HDD addresses the increasing need for high-resolution cameras and camera counts, and ensures cost-effective performance and durability in always-on surveillance systems. when decide to use HDD, the first thing you want to consider is capacity. You may need to estimate the storage capacity for required video recording. Typically users opt to save costs by simply matching current capacity needs to your video surveillance demands. However, this may actually cost you more and create more upgrade issues in the long run. To choose the HDD capacity, you may take your future needs into consideration. The 4K video resolution is for times higher than your full HD 1080p resolution, which in turn, resulting in requires more than four times the amount of storage space as 1080p. Now, 500GB HDD will disappear from market, the maximum HDD storage capacity can reach up to 6TB, which can provide enough storage capacity for 64 cameras.

Do not use regular desktop computer HDDs for video surveillance. Since the working environment and condition is different, video surveillance requires a HDD that's not susceptible to the issues including heat-related failure or vibration from other drives, which can result in loss of video frames, data loss. What's the difference between regular computer HDD and surveillance dedicated HDD? Compared with computer HDD, surveillance dedicated HDD are designed for 90% write time and only 10% read time. The surveillance-specific drives are also engineered to reliably perform in multi-drive systems with RAID support. Optimized performance and reliability can minimize the effect of vibration from other drives with RV sensors, which mean fewer points for potential failure.

Here we have provided Storage size of Cameras in GB per Day according to their Formats H.264 Compression.

Resolution
Storage Per Day in GB
1 MP
 25-30 GB Aprox
2 MP
 35-40 GB Aprox
3 MP
 60-65 GB Aprox