Video Auditing and False alarm issue

Video Auditing and False alarm issue

False alarms are a major problem plaguing the intrusion alarm and remote monitoring services industry. Between 90% and 95% of alarms reported to the central monitoring stations turn out to be false.

Most large organizations depend on triggers/alarms raised by video analytics/ICCC/ PSIMs. It is a known fact that a high percentage of these alarms are ‘false’, leading to false reporting, frustration and disbelief in the alarms, eventually leading to turning them off (‘cry-wolf effect’). In fact, according to a recent news report, the CISF (a para military force in India) who monitor New Delhi's IGI Airport are plagued with over 100 false alarms on a daily basis. Experts say that this leads to an absolute waste of time, and this is a major concern, because a real threat could go unnoticed whilst dealing with false alarms.

Link: http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-over-100-false-alarms-a-day-at-igi-airport-keep-cisf-on-its-toes-2340896

In fact, according to a recent news report, the CISF (a para military force in India) who monitor New Delhi IGI Airport are plagued with over 100 false alarms on a daily basis there.

The origin of false alarms can vary, but many can be attributed to the following causes.

·         Faulty equipment is cited as the cause of 20% of false alarms.

·         Poor installation comes in at 20% of the reason for false alarms.

·         Inadequate employee training leads to 40% of false alarms.

·         Other culprits (20%) include sensitive motion detectors, sensors set off by the wind, leaves, etc…., and human error.

These false reports cost service providers, as they must send out a response team to verify each and every alarm. It also strains local police resources unnecessarily and could even increase the financial burden on end users, depending on local alarm response regulations and potential fines. Video verification solves these issues, offering an undisputed remote confirmation of the nature of the alarm in the shortest possible time, which helps speed the operator’s response process. Video images can be transferred in real time to the operator, so it can be assessed almost immediately, and so a response team or police forces can be sent with a much shorter delay.

In countries like Spain, alarm verification became mandatory by regulation, aimed at reducing police response costs.

Video Auditing services use a low-frame-rate camera, typically with battery backup, in order to verify the source of a triggered alarm. The video verification device incorporates a PIR sensor to trigger the alarm and will capture a short video or set of images when the alarm is triggered to send to the monitoring station. This allows the monitoring station to better evaluate the cause of the alarm and coordinate an appropriate response from law enforcement or other responders. The presence of video verification classifies the call as a “crime in progress” for responders and as such will receive higher priority than other alarms, resulting in much faster response times, which in turn increases the chance of apprehending the intruder. Customers and their insurers place a high value on this service and customers are often willing to pay an increased monthly fee for the addition of video verification services.

Traditionally this concept has been driven by central monitoring stations (CMS) and has been adopted in the residential market where single-direction wireless systems were installed. Video verification has become required because of the wireless systems adopted did not have a way of confirming alarms in a reliable manner. For example, when there is an alarm in the single-direction wireless detectors, they activate once and then enter the battery-saving mode. This will not give enough information to the CMS to confirm the alarm.

The operational costs involved in attending unverified alarms by monitoring stations or police are enormous. Due to ever-increasing competition, monitoring stations are making all possible efforts to reduce operational costs, hence adding alarm verification capabilities to the alarm monitoring centers.

The popularity of video verification solutions is boosted by the influence from the DIY security market, smart home market and consumer video market, as follows:
• DIY: Consumer video cameras are typically high-resolution IP cameras and allow users to check on their home and review footage of past events at their convenience. All this can be done through a dedicated intruder alarm mobile phone application, which adds to the peace of mind.
• Smart home: Smart home/building automation systems are becoming more popular with end users in all sectors. Cameras are usually advertised alongside smart plugs or smart lights, which gives users an extra level of control over what is happening in the house. Some cameras also offer smoke detection features, to support traditional smoke detectors, while providing surveillance of self-monitoring and auditing to users. With alarm monitoring stations increasingly offering smart home monitoring services, the video verification market will receive a boost from this side of the industry.
• Consumer video: The number of consumer video devices available on the market is growing rapidly, providing a much broader choice of solutions at various price points. End users can add an IP camera to their home systems and enjoy low-cost self-monitoring and self-verification functionality.

Many central monitoring stations now offer video verification for an extra fee added to their basic monitoring services. Adding video verification to the monitoring package reduces the likelihood the subscriber will cancel their contract or choose another provider offering more comprehensive services. Video verification can also benefit installers and dealers that want to offer a broader range of services to their customers. Cloud hosting and support for video self-monitoring delivers greater value to end users.

Reduction in cost of equipment and improvements in automation through software has decreased the end user cost to a point where it is affordable as an upgrade to alarm monitoring services for small commercial businesses and residential customers.

Installers may also find themselves closer to their customers than some remote monitoring companies, which makes it easier to increase customer awareness about new offerings. In any case, partnerships between installers and remote monitoring stations can increase revenue per user and provide a more stable annual income. Subscriptions generated by installers could offset normal attrition rates experienced by remote monitoring companies.

A few tips to help reduce false alarms:

·         Be sure all alarm systems use standard and up-to-date equipment.

·         Ensure proper installation by reputable companies or technically good technician.

·         Install video cameras that can visually verify an alarm.

·         Engage an outside security company to monitor the establishment through video surveillance. 

Barriers to Broad Adoption
The main barriers to broad adoption of video verification are the following:
• Cost: The current challenges are mainly the costs involved with the video alarm detectors/cameras and the fact that most alarm vendors do not have a proper visual verification solution triggered by the alarm system. Even though the benefits of including video verification with intruder alarm systems are clear, many end users – particularly those in the residential sector – may struggle to afford video devices. Passive infrared (PIR) camera detectors can be three times more expensive than non-video-based PIR detectors.
• Privacy and cybersecurity: Residential users’ concern about privacy of video verification and video cameras is high. The main worry is that a hacker will use the device to watch and listen to the private lives of residents. There have been media reports of attackers successfully compromising consumer video IP cameras, and these kinds of reports can delay the decision to buy these kinds of devices. Another concern is that alarm-monitoring operators could be watching residents in their homes, outside of the authorized time. Providers of video verification solutions must make sure their systems are designed with privacy protections built into the system set-up, giving the user the ability to restrict access to video devices, whenever they want to.
• Self-monitoring: Increasing availability of consumer video devices, and DIY security systems that incorporate video products into the offering, have led to the emergence self-monitoring and self-video verification. Such systems usually come pre-configured to handle video files, which makes adding a consumer video camera much easier and lowers the barriers to adoption related to the complexity of the system set up

Benefits to Video Auditing 

With video verification capabilities, businesses can reap the following benefits:

1.      Ensure police and/or fire departments are dispatched to a "real" alarm.

2.      Prevent the assessment of heavy fines for false alarms.

3.      Prevent being on the "suspended" list for police or fire response.

4.      First responders typically respond quicker when they know an alarm has been verified. This may help limit the losses incurred by unwanted incidents.

5.      Use as evidence for a legal case or proof of claim for an insurance report.

6.      Every day Video observation / auditing is help to reduce false alarm.

7.      Correct & certified product should be used for CCTV, Fire Alarm and Intrusion etc.

8.      Correct & certified installer required for system installation.

9.      Protect employees, customers and property using the best technology available. 

Who Can Use This?:
- Multi-tenant residential communities
- Planned unit development (PUD)communities
- Public recreation facilities
- Elder care and assisted living facilities
- Hospitals and clinics
- Corrections facilities.

We solve so many of your pain points,

• We make it easy for you to ‘see’ what the cameras ‘saw’
• We make it easy for you to report and share with ease
• We help you create data redundancy with huge storage savings
• We make it easy for you gain business intelligence from standardized reports
• We help you take corrective and preventive action based on hard data.

OSDP an Access Control Protocol by SIA

OSDP an Access Control Protocol by SIA

ACCESS CONTROL WIEGAND PROTOCOL

In access control world we used Wiegand Protocol (Invented by John Wiegand in 1970). The communication protocol used in the Wiegand interface is called the Wiegand protocol. This protocol talks reader to controller. Basically Wiegand interface is a wiring standard used for interconnecting peripherals like fingerprint readers, card swipers or iris recognition devices. Initially created by HID Corporation, the Wiegand devices gained popularity thanks to the popularity of the Wiegand effect card readers of the 1980s. The Wiegand interface is considered a de facto wiring standard for card swipe mechanisms, especially for electronic data entry. Wiegand devices were originally developed by HID Corporation.

The Wiegand interface consists of three wires in the physical layer, the first wire is for ground and other two for data transmission, known as Data low/DATA0 and Data high/DATA1. The wires are composed of an alloy with magnetic properties. DATA0 and DATA1 are pulled up to high voltage, when no data is sent. When "0" is transmitted, the DATA0 wire is pulled to a low voltage while the DATA1 stays at high voltage. When "1" is transmitted, DATA0 stays at high voltage, whereas the DATA1 is pulled to a low voltage.

The most popular Wiegand interface is 26. It could be 3 bytes (Wiegand-26), 5 bytes (Wiegand-42) and even 7 bytes. Cable runs are limited to 500 feet. The Wiegand interface is unidirectional. It means that data is transferred in one direction only: from reader to the access panel. So access panel waits for a code on the line. If code is absent it means that there is no card near the reader or the reader is dead or the line is corrupted. To solve this problem in this way I asked one vendor to make a new firmware for its reader and now it sends each half an hour a "heart beat" code.

Given such limitations it has become increasingly clear that for reader technology and capabilities to progress, a bi-directional connection between the reader and access control system is a necessity. Some access control and reader manufacturers have recognized this need and developed proprietary bidirectional solutions. The OSDP a nonpriority interface specification that can be implemented without restriction. The protocol was originally developed by HID Global and Mercury Security Corp. in 2008 and adopted by SIA as a standard in 2011. SIA formed OSDP working groups, open to all members, and subsequent contributions have been provided by those participants.

What is OSDP

Open Supervised Device Protocol (OSDP) is an access control communications standard developed by the Security Industry Association (SIA) to improve interoperability among access control and security products. OSDP v2.1.7 is currently in-process to become a standard recognized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and OSDP is in constant refinement to retain its industry-leading position. Open Supervised Device Protocol (OSDP) v.2.1.7 is a communications protocol that allows peripheral devices such as card readers and biometric readers to interface with control panels or other security management systems. It adds sophistication and security benefits through features such as bi-directional communication and read/write capabilities. The OSDP standard with Secure Channel Protocol (SCP) will support both IP communications and point-to-point serial interfaces, such as RS-485.

BI-DIRECTIONAL COMMUNICATION

The access control industry’s move to open standards is cultivating a broad range of interoperable products with enhanced features and security. Open standards also ensure that solutions can be easily upgraded to support changes in technology and applications, and give users the confidence that investments in today’s technologies can be leveraged in the future. OSDP with SCP specification provides bi-directional communications and security features for connecting card readers to control panels or other security management systems.

Bi-directional communication is particularly beneficial for enabling users to change configurations and to poll and query readers from a central system, which reduces costs while speeding, and simplifying configuration and improving the ability to service readers.

Unlike earlier unidirectional protocols, including the Wiegand interface and the clock-and-data signal approach used with magnetic stripe readers, OSDP enables continuous reader status monitoring. It can also immediately indicate a failed, missing or malfunctioning reader, as well as provide tamper detection and indication capabilities. All signaling is done over two data lines, providing the ability to use four-conductor cable to both power the reader and send and receive data. This lowers installation cost compared to the 6 to 10 conductors typically used for Wiegand.

HID Global is one of the first manufacturers to support OSDP with SCP in its reader portfolio as part of its iCLASS SE platform. iCLASS SE platform readers with OSDP enable central management, which lowers operational costs by making them faster and easier to configure and service.

SYSTEM INTEGRATION

OSDP gives Higher Security, Advanced Functionality, Ease of Use, More Interoperability. OSDP provides continuous monitoring of reader status, and can immediately indicate a failed, missing or malfunctioning reader. OSDP can also provide tamper indication for readers with onboard tamper detection capabilities. OSDP protocol for control panels to send messages for display to a cardholder via a screen embedded within or connected to the reader. The OSDP standard is particularly important for government installations because it supports high-end AES-128 encryption (required in federal government applications). And it meets the requirements of the Federal Identity, Credential and Access Management (FICAM) guidelines. OSDP also works with biometrics – Weigand does not.

SYSTEM ARCHITECHURE

Replacing legacy access control panels while maintaining operation with legacy card readers and other field devices.

When the need arises to replace or upgrade a card access or security control panel and if the new panel is OSDP compliant, it may be advantageous or necessary to convert the field devices to OSDP compatibility. This normally means replacing all readers, sensors, contacts, relays, and door control equipment to OSDP compliant versions as well. If this is not an immediate option due to time or cost constraints, the Cypress OSDP-1000 can provide an effective solution.

Credential Reader - Any Wiegand (Data 0 / Data 1), Strobed (Clock/Data), F/2F, or Serial interface can be handled by the OSDP-1000 when configured in "Reader Interface Mode". Since the format of the data is reported by the OSDP-1000 to the new control panel as an array of bits or characters, the panel's software must be configured to process the raw bit stream or character string. The reader type is configured by either on-board DIP switch or via OSDP configuration command from the panel.

Door Strike / Gate Operator - If the panel has provisions for multiple, dry-contact relay outputs and the panel's power supply is capable of driving the door or gate operator, then the 2 wires already in place to provide this function can continue to be used. Otherwise, since the OSDP-1000 is mounted in a secure location (not accessible from the un-secure side of the door or gate), it can be used to control the door or gate via OSDP command from control panel. If the control current is 1amp or less (at 12 to 24Vdc), the OSDP-1000's on-board, form C relay can be used. The new control panel will simply command the OSDP-1000 to turn the relay on or off. If higher currents are required, an external relay can be added. The power for the door strike, mag lock, or gate operator can be supplied from the panel (centralized power) or a local power supply near the door or gate (distributed power).

Sensors, Contacts, Switches, EOL Devices - Since the OSDP-1000 is mounted on the secure side of the door or gate, all remaining field wiring can be terminated at the OSDP1000. The new control panel will request data via protocol command/response and use it to determine the status of the door position switch, request-to-exit button, or motion detector. The OSDP-1000 has 2 Supervised alarm inputs to accomodate end-of-line resistor configurations. These can also be used as digital inputs.

Power Considerations - The OSDP-1000 does not magically create power for itself, the reader, or door strike from the twisted pair communication wires (but we might be working on it). The legacy panel or other power supply provided enough power to operate the reader, sensors, and door or gate operator. If the new control panel does not provide this power, then a suitable power supply must be installed at the panel location or at the door or gate. The OSDP-1000 only requires about 50ma and accepts a wide range of voltage (7 to 24Vdc). The reader, door strike, and any powered end-of-line device typically dictate what voltage to use (12 or 24Vdc).

All Devices - As mentioned earlier, converting all devices at the door or gate is recommended since this adds supervision of all signals. It also sets up the site for migration to an OSDP Control Panel in the future. Since the OSDP-1000 is mounted in a secure enclosure not vulnerable to tamper from the un-secure side of the door or gate, all signals can be terminated to it and supervised. The OSDP Reader has it's own polling address as does the second OSDP-1000 module configured for "Remote Interface Mode".

There still are many Weigand-base legacy systems in place and due to limited resources, it may take time to replace them all, but the migration is underway. Many organizations are taking a step-by-step approach replacing perimeter readers first and moving to interior readers as funding and time allow.

Future-proof your access control strategy today. Meet Signo, the signature line of access control readers from HID Global. This new reader line provides performance, versatility and security meet in a sleek, modern design. HID Signo™ Readers deliver mobile access capabilities, ensure easy migration from Wiegand to OSDP and support the widest range of credential technology so organizations can to upgrade at their own pace.

GROW YOUR BUSINESS

Integrators can differentiate from the competition by promoting open standard protocols, which can help build new customer relationships and win more projects by providing new found PACS features. With OSDP only four conductors are ever needed, two for power and two for all communication.

Wiegand does not allow for remote configuration or upgrade of a reader. OSDP enables a customer to remotely change the configuration of a reader (i.e. security keys or LED color) from any network-connected location.

BENEFITS OF OSDP

Compared to common low-security legacy protocols, the emerging OSDP standard offers:

Higher Security

·  OSDP is more secure than the most common access control communications protocol.

·     OSDP Secure Channel supports high-end AES-128 encryption (required in federal government applications).

·     OSDP constantly monitors wiring to protect against attack threats.

Advanced Functionality

·         Supports advance smartcard technology applications, including PKI/FICAM and biometrics.

·         Supports bi-directional communications among devices.

·         OSDP supports advanced user interface, including welcome messages and text prompts.

·         OSDP’s use of 2 wires instead of 12+ allows for multi-drop installation, supervised connections to indicate reader malfunctions, and scalability to connect more field devices.

Ease of Use

·         Audio-visual user feedback mechanisms provide a rich, user-centric access control environment.

·         Guesswork is eliminated since encryption and authentication are predefined.

·         Low cost of implementation on an embedded device.

More Interoperability

·         Using OSDP enables communication among different manufacturers' devices and solutions.

·         The standard applies to peripheral devices (PDs) such as card readers and other devices at secured access doors/gates and their control panels (CPs).

·         SIA promotes the standard at regular “plugfests” among manufacturers and at InteropFest – an annual interoperability event held at ISC West tradeshow every spring in Las Vegas, Nevada.

·         The OSDP specification is currently recommended when TCP/IP, USB, or other common protocols do not lend themselves to the application.

·         The OSDP specification is extensible to IP environments and the OSDP WG is working on deploying OSDP over IP soon.

Ref:

http://www.securityindustry.org/Pages/Standards/OSDP.aspx

http://www.securityindustry.org/Pages/IndustryEvents/SIA-InteropFest.aspx

https://scottontechnology.com/osdp-open-supervised-device-protocol/

http://www.suprex.net/centralunit.html

https://ipvm.com/reports/osdp-access

Coercivity Magnetic Stripe Identification Cards

Coercivity Magnetic Stripe Identification Cards

Magnetic stripe ID cards, also known as magstripe cards, are PVC ID cards containing a band of magnetic material embedded in the resin on the back of the card. Magnetic stripe ID cards store updatable information on a magstripe, which is read when the card is swiped through a magnetic stripe card reader.

There are two 2 types of magnetic stripe ID cards:

High coercivity (HiCo): High Coercivity or “HiCo” cards are recommended for a majority of applications. HiCo magnetic stripe cards are typically black in color and they are encoded with a stronger magnetic field (2750 Oersted).

The stronger magnetic field makes HiCo cards more durable because the data encoded on the stripes are less likely to unintentionally be erased when exposed to an outside magnetic field.

HiCo cards are common in applications where they require a longer card life and are swiped often. Credit cards, bank cards, library cards, access control cards, time and attendance cards and employee ID cards frequently use HiCo technology.

For example, high coercivity magnetic stripes are commonly used in credit cards, bank cards, library cards, access control cards, time and attendance cards, and employee ID cards. For these many applications, ISO/IEC 7811-6:2018 – Identification cards – Recording technique – Part 6: Magnetic stripe: High coercivity defines the characteristics of the identification cards.

ISO/IEC 7811-6:2018 specifies guidance for a high coercivity magnetic stripe (including any protective overlay) on an identification card, the encoding technique, and coded character sets. It outlines the physical characteristics of the magnetic stripe, surface roughness, adhesion of stripe to card, resistance to chemicals, performance characteristics, and related information.

ISO/IEC 7811-6:2018 revises and replaces the fourth edition of the standard for high coercivity magnetic stripes. Its primary changes include better alignment with ISO/IEC 7811-2:2018 (through usage of the same definitions, criteria, and test methods across both standard documents), the adjustment of the supplier of secondary reference cards from Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) to Q-Card, and the alteration that the primary standard cards held by Q-Card are used to calibrate the manufacture of secondary reference cards.

Low coercivity (LoCo): The less common Low Coercivity or “LoCo” cards are good for short-term applications. LoCo magnetic stripe cards are generally brown in color and they are encoded at a low-intensity magnetic field (300 Oersted).

LoCo cards are typically used for short-term applications including hotel room keys and season passes for theme parks, amusement parks, and water parks.

When selecting a magnetic stripe card for your business, ask yourself how long you want your cards to last. Many of us have experienced a situation where a hotel room key stopped working. Magnetic stripe cards can be reprogrammed, but it can be inconvenient.

ISO/IEC 7811-2:2018 – Identification cards – Recording technique – Part 2: Magnetic stripe: Low coercivity specifies guidelines for a low coercivity magnetic stripe (including any protective overlay) on an identification card, the encoding technique, and coded character sets. It takes into human and machine considerations and outlines the physical characteristics of the magnetic stripe, surface roughness, adhesion of stripe to card, resistance to chemicals, performance characteristics, and related information.

ISO/IEC 7811-2:2018 replaces and supersedes the fourth edition of the low coercivity magnetic stripe standard from 2014. Its primary changes include better alignment with ISO/IEC 7811-6:2018 (through usage of the same definitions, criteria, and test methods across both standard documents), the adjustment of the supplier of secondary reference cards from Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) to Q-Card, and the alteration that the primary standard cards held by Q-Card are used to calibrate the manufacture of secondary reference cards.

Magnetic stripe ID Cards as a popular low cost solution for secure access control systems and are often used for credit and identification cards as well as transportation tickets, ATM cards, bank cards, gift cards, loyalty cards, driver’s licenses, telephone calling cards, membership cards, and electronic benefit transfer cards such as food stamps.

Various ID card solutions featuring magnetic stripe encoding capabilities:

• HID Global Fargo DTC4250e: Easy and flexible way to print and encode plastic ID cards.
• HID Global Fargo DTC4500e: For versatile, reliable card production delivers speed, power and versatility all in one.
• Zebra ZXP Series 3: Features high speed printing, brilliant image quality, enterprise networking features and full encoding capabilities.
• Zebra ZXP Series 8: Delivers best-in-class throughput & unparalleled print speed for vivid color plastic ID card printing on-demand and fast.
• Magicard Enduro+: Single or dual-sided card printing with ISO magnetic encoding.
• Magicard Rio Pro: The preferred printer for secure access control single-sided cards with magnetic stripe encoding.
• Evolis Zenius: Features USB and Ethernet TCP-IP ports and multiple encoding options that can be combined in the same printer. Certified ENERGY STAR compliant.
• Evolis Primacy: For easy, flexible and fast ID card printing of personalized transportation passes, payment cards, ID badges, as well as multi-feature ID cards.
• Nisca PR5350: For high speed, low cost dual-sided printing with magnetic encoding.

Difference between Ethernet cables ?

Difference between Ethernet cables?

Not all Ethernet cables are the same, so what is the difference, and how do you know which you should use? In this short guide we take a look at the technical and physical differences between the Ethernet cables available on broadband buyer.

Ethernet cables are grouped into sequentially numbered categories (e.g CAT5) based on different specifications; sometimes the category is updated with further clarification or testing standards (e.g. CAT5e, CAT6a). These categories are how we can easily know what type of cable we need for a specific application. For our IP Surveillance ( IP Camera, Access Control, BAS, Intrusion ... etc) CAT6 is recommended to install, including PoE based design. 

Manufacturers are required to adhere to the standards which makes our lives easier.

CAT Technical differences

The difference in Ethernet cable specification is not as easy to see as physical changes; so let’s look at what each category does and does not support. Below is a chart for reference when picking cable for your application based on the standards for that category.

Difference between Ethernet cables
	Length	10Mb/s	100Mb/s	1GbE	10GbE	PoE	Mhz
CAT5	100	Y	Y			Y	100
CAT5e	100	Y	Y	Y		Y	100
CAT6	100 (55 for 10GbE)	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	250
CAT6a	100	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	500

You may notice that as the category number gets higher, so does the speed and Mhz of the wire. This is not a coincidence, because each category brings more stringent testing for eliminating crosstalk (XT) and adding isolation between the wires.

Category 5 cable was revised in 2001, and mostly replaced with Category 5 Enhanced (CAT5e) cable which did not change anything physically in the cable, but instead applied more stringent testing standards for crosstalk. Category 6 was revised between 2002 with Category 6 Augmented (CAT6a) in 2008 that provided testing for 500 Mhz communication (compared to CAT6 - 250 Mhz). The higher communication frequency eliminated alien crosstalk (AXT) which allows for longer range at 10 GB/s.

Physical Differences

So how does a physical cable eliminate interference and allow for faster speeds? It does it through wire twisting and isolation. Cable twisting was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1881 for use on telephone wires that were run along side power lines. He discovered that by twisting the cable every 3-4 utility poles, it reduced the interference and increased the range. Twisted pair became the basis for all Ethernet cables to eliminate interference between internal wires (XT), and external wires (AXT).

There are two main physical differences between CAT5 and CAT6 cables, the number of twists per cm in the wire, and sheath thickness.

Cable twisting length is not standardised but typically there are 1.5-2 twists per cm in CAT5(e) and 2+ twists per cm in CAT6. Within a single cable, each colored pair will also have different twist lengths based on prime numbers so that no two twists ever align. The amount of twists per pair is usually unique for each cable manufacturer.

Many CAT6 cables also include a nylon spline which helps eliminate crosstalk. Although the spline is not required in CAT5 cable, some manufacturers include it anyway. In CAT6 cable, the spline is not required either as long as the cable tests according to the standard.

The nylon spline helps reduce crosstalk in the wire, with the thicker sheath protecting against Near End Crosstalk (NEXT) and Alien Crosstalk (AXT), which both occur more often as the frequency (Mhz) increases. In this picture below, the CAT5e sheath has the thinnest sheath versus CAT6 but it also was the only one with the nylon spline.

Shielded (FTP) vs. Unshielded (UTP)

Because all Ethernet cables are twisted, manufacturers use shielding to further protect the cable from interference. For example, Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) can easily be used for cables between your computer and the wall but you will want to use Foil Shielded Cable (FTP) for areas with high interference and running cables outdoors or inside walls.

There are different ways to shield an Ethernet cable, but typically it involves putting a shield around each pair of wire in the cable. This protects the pairs from crosstalk internally. Manufacturers can further protect cables from alien crosstalk with additional cable shielding beneath the sheath. The diagram below shows the different types of Ethernet shielding and the codes used to differentiate them.

System integrator role in SSA Business

System integrator role in SSA Business

Yam, you know SSA is stands for Security Safety Automation (SSA Integrate). A security systems integrator by definition specializes in bringing together subsystems into a whole and ensuring that those subsystems function together. When the goal is physical security, those subsystems might be Video surveillance, Access control, Intrusion, FDA or Emergency notification, BAS, computer networks and more. Some security suppliers have established business simply on the procurement and installation of systems predefined by others. More fully developed are considered ‘design-build’ integrators. However the most capable security integrator is a full service provider capable of supporting your operations in every phase of the security system lifecycle:

1.   Security risk or needs assessments,

2.   System engineering and design for the major technologies,

3.   Broad access to the leading product lines,

4.   Custom engineering when required,

5.   Alternate investment options,

6.   Procurement, staging, installation, commissioning and training,

7.   Full lifecycle service and maintenance,

8.   System functional and technology upgrades.

A client who selects an integrator fully capable in all the above can then take advantage of his unique perspective on what are the key ingredients for successful development of a physical security program that is supportive of a healthy enterprise.

Working with a full service security provider also reinforces quality. Consider why this is so. If, for instance, the integrator offers long term service and maintenance for the system he installs, then both the service provider and the customer are motivated that the design should be solid and the installation of high quality. And if the integrator can offer attractive long term financing, even operational leases, then he again has a further stake in the caliber of the security provided.

System integration is defined in engineering as the process of bringing together the component sub-systems into one system (an aggregation of subsystems cooperating so that the system is able to deliver the overarching functionality) and ensuring that the subsystems function together as a system, and in information technology as the process of linking together different computing systems and software applications physically or functionally, to act as a coordinated whole.

System Integrators in the automation industry typically provide the product and application experience in implementing complex automation solutions. Often, System Integrators are aligned with automation vendors, joining their various System Integrator programs for access to development products, resources and technical support. System integrators are tightly linked to their accounts and often are viewed as the engineering departments for small manufacturers, handling their automation system installation, commissioning and long term maintenance.

Are there tangible ways that we see interoperability trending in the industry?

There is certainly movement toward standard-compliant products but it is slow. I attribute this mainly due to engineers reusing portions of old or outdated specs along with their lack of knowledge of the current product offerings. IP cameras will help move the standards along since more and more clients are aware of megapixel technology and it forces the engineers to become more current.

Where do you see underserved or untapped opportunities for security systems integrators to provide integration and automation expertise?

Video and access technology have the potential to be integrated well beyond the traditional Big Brother stereotype applications. One example is warehouse distribution and processing applications where repetitive tasks performed incorrectly can slow production or cause injuries. Video analytics could be modified to monitor physical movement and monitor improper technique that could lead to injuries.

These videos could initiate notifications to HR and management staff to alert them to potential problems before they occur. Access to machines and forklifts could be controlled through HR records. Integrating the access system to training and safety certifications could help reduce unqualified employees from accessing and enabling critical operational systems. Security could monitor the traditional video footage, HR could assemble incident reports tagged with the video and management could build and expand training programs with real world examples.

Another area of potential growth is the smart building. A fully integrated structure including security, lighting, HVAC and building controls that provides a return on investment along with the ability to remotely manage a site.

How can a locally-based or small regional company have successes in enterprise-level organizations?

Local companies can have a distinct advantage over the national integrators. First, the small or regional company must be technically advanced and focused on cutting-edge technology so they can provide a value to an enterprise-level client. They must also network with similar dealers with related product lines so they can establish an installation network throughout North America or the regions they are required to service. They can also become an agent for the enterprise client and coordinate all installations and manage that system for that client. Compare that level of service to the big integrators. Yes, they have a handful of talented individuals that truly get the big picture and these men and women travel the country and the world implementing systems. But once the job is completed, they’re off to the next one and you may never see them again.

How can smaller integrators differentiate to better compete?

A commitment to service is the local integrators greatest strength. Through continuing education of its technical staff and building working relationships with clients, a local integrator can react quickly and see the big picture of their customers’ needs and requests. As the IT department begins to dominate the physical security industry the local integrator can help be a bridge between the security professionals and the sometimes frustrating “smartest man in the room” syndrome of the IT staff . Most integrators have a great respect for the current and former local and national law enforcement professionals we work with every day. Their knowledge of where and why a camera is placed and how to implement the concentric rings of security, lighting control and placement is invaluable. The human element of security beyond pure technology is something that some IT professionals do not always grasp. Integrators can successful bridging that gap when they strive to clearly communicate with both departments.

What is the Solution Development Process With a Full Service Systems Integrator?

Risk Assessment. Your integrator should be able to assist or guide you in this first step toward development of a security solution. The industry standard for this is the ASIS 7-step general security risk assessment guideline. The guideline defines a process which starts with identification of assets and risk events and ends with a solution cost benefit analysis. Properly done the end product is not only the security you want and need but a documented rationale for the investment.

Financial Options. Similar to many internal enterprise processes the best electronic security solution is sometimes planned to be phased-in over time to give the client the best possible security function progressively. Nonetheless a full service integrator enables you to tailor acquisition of enhanced security in a manner which meets your needs. As an example, reasonably priced capital leases can push the cash flow impact of security into outer years. Due to current accelerated tax depreciation in effect these leases can in some instances reduce the net cost below that of an outright purchase. If a full service integrator has the internal resources – service fleet, repair department, stocked inventory, etc. – to maintain their installed systems they may also offer and administer operational lease programs to the security solutions they provide. These leases differ from capital leases in that ownership of the physical security equipment is retained by the service provider yet the site installation and its sustained operability is available as a monthly service fee.

Design. The functional design should clearly define for the end user the extent of the solution’s protection. It may involve multiple technologies for the most effective solution. Minimizing the burden placed on general staff to maintain security and respond to emergencies should typically be a demonstrable objective.

Value driven component selection may require a number of different supplier sources. Exterior components will be weatherproof, interior components will be vandal and wear resistant as needed. System operation will be well protected from the dangers of tampering, surges, electrical strikes, etc. as well as single points of failure if possible. A good design will not dead-end the customer but position the delivered security solution for adaptation to meet anticipated future needs. Good designs may even enhance as well as protect enterprise and site operations.

Installation & Commissioning. The installation should conform to and even exceed state and federal regulations and guidelines and be performed by licensed personnel as required. The installation should be safe for all onsite, reflect excellent workmanship and conduct should be courteous and respectful to all involved. System configuration should be performed by individuals with good system knowledge. The end user training should be complete enough to address at least typical daily tasks and provide them the resources they need to reinforce the training and administer further if required. This is most likely provided by a resource positioned to be a partner in meeting your security needs.

System Maintenance and Service. The overarching goal is to maintain the operability of your security solution with the same effectiveness experienced as it was commissioned. But electronics degrade and fail and sites often continuously require system tweaks as they grow. A good service program will make available to you certified service personnel as well as standard and emergency response times you can depend on. The best providers will often maintain stock for repair and loan and even have in house bench repair capability for rapid, cost effective turn around. And if you have outgrown your security systems or they are generally showing their age a good provider can offer mid-life upgrades and/or ‘system refreshes’ which progressively secure your operations and people.

Enterprise Security is Not A Commodity.

Why is enterprise physical electronic security more than just a commodity to be procured? Because the security risks are multiple, varied and changing. Some which occur infrequently are the most potentially damaging. An outside perspective developed from meeting a variety of client needs can help prioritize. The current solution state of the art is technical, multidisciplinary and rapidly evolving. There is not a consumer protected design-bid-build process which guarantees success. Only a subset of security industry service providers are equipped and positioned to reliably assist you from needs development through to system maintenance.

Trust on your selective System Integrator or Solution Service Provider.
System Integrator who really work in different system with different brand system, they are know who or which OEM  has good service support. No one integrator is wise for all product. System Integrator surve customer. OEM will not provide service.

Tips to choose Best System Integrator in India

·         Choose a systems integrator who has a list of successful projects with appreciation letter from customer. Check references, talk to their clients and take reviews. Find out for how long they have been in the field.

·         System Integrator should have long-term relationship and close ties with the leading OEMs. These relationships allow an integrator to keep up to date on new technologies, get the best prices, and provide you with the most complete support network available. The best integrators focus on customer needs and build solutions using best of breed technologies. They should have a broad range of products they have worked with and enough staff to handle different areas of the project.

·         The integrator should prove that they understood your requirements. Take Quote from multiple System Integrators. Be especially careful if you get lower price than expected or that others have quoted. Make sure the system integrator doesn’t over commit during negotiations.

·         System Integrator should have specialized expertise and that can be applied to create an architecture that ensures security, flexibility, and scalability to meet your IT service availability demands. Focus on their knowledge, techniques and skills. Make sure they have full knowledge of system engineering, as well as sufficient experience to handle your project.

·         If you don’t have in-house expertise for making the integrator selection, consider hiring a third-party technical consultant to establish selection criteria and/or participate in the review process. Get involved at the zero level in the planning, simulation, detailed layout, software handling techniques and maintenance requirements as much as you possibly can in order to get the biggest possible benefits. In this point our Writer can help, you may connect with this article writer.

·         Keep up-to-date milestone records during the course of the project. If you have to replace an integrator, refer to the specification and decide on a fair settlement covering payment for all completed deliverables. System Integrator should have a knowledge transfer process in place. This ensures you have the time and resources necessary to ensure your team understands the work product and can continue on – independently and successfully.

·         Look for an integrator that listens to your needs, communicates well, and provides customized solutions for your business.

·         Select an integrator that has a large, experienced engineering core with a holistic understanding of your entire ELV ecosystem. This will facilitate better design, deployment and support.

·         System Integrator 2/3 team member should have Membership their own technology field like: ASIS International, SIA (SECURITY INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION), FSAI, National Safety Council.

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