Saturday, September 21, 2019

Difference between Ethernet cables ?

Difference between Ethernet cables?

Not all Ethernet cables are the same, so what is the difference, and how do you know which you should use? In this short guide we take a look at the technical and physical differences between the Ethernet cables available on broadband buyer.

Ethernet cables are grouped into sequentially numbered categories (e.g CAT5) based on different specifications; sometimes the category is updated with further clarification or testing standards (e.g. CAT5e, CAT6a). These categories are how we can easily know what type of cable we need for a specific application. For our IP Surveillance ( IP Camera, Access Control, BAS, Intrusion ... etc) CAT6 is recommended to install, including PoE based design. 

Manufacturers are required to adhere to the standards which makes our lives easier.

CAT Technical differences

The difference in Ethernet cable specification is not as easy to see as physical changes; so let’s look at what each category does and does not support. Below is a chart for reference when picking cable for your application based on the standards for that category.

Difference between Ethernet cables
Length
10Mb/s
100Mb/s
1GbE
10GbE
PoE
Mhz
CAT5
100
Y
Y
Y
100
CAT5e
100
Y
Y
Y
Y
100
CAT6
100 (55 for 10GbE)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
250
CAT6a
100
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
500

You may notice that as the category number gets higher, so does the speed and Mhz of the wire. This is not a coincidence, because each category brings more stringent testing for eliminating crosstalk (XT) and adding isolation between the wires.

Category 5 cable was revised in 2001, and mostly replaced with Category 5 Enhanced (CAT5e) cable which did not change anything physically in the cable, but instead applied more stringent testing standards for crosstalk. Category 6 was revised between 2002 with Category 6 Augmented (CAT6a) in 2008 that provided testing for 500 Mhz communication (compared to CAT6 - 250 Mhz). The higher communication frequency eliminated alien crosstalk (AXT) which allows for longer range at 10 GB/s.

Physical Differences

So how does a physical cable eliminate interference and allow for faster speeds? It does it through wire twisting and isolation. Cable twisting was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1881 for use on telephone wires that were run along side power lines. He discovered that by twisting the cable every 3-4 utility poles, it reduced the interference and increased the range. Twisted pair became the basis for all Ethernet cables to eliminate interference between internal wires (XT), and external wires (AXT).


There are two main physical differences between CAT5 and CAT6 cables, the number of twists per cm in the wire, and sheath thickness.

Cable twisting length is not standardised but typically there are 1.5-2 twists per cm in CAT5(e) and 2+ twists per cm in CAT6. Within a single cable, each colored pair will also have different twist lengths based on prime numbers so that no two twists ever align. The amount of twists per pair is usually unique for each cable manufacturer.

Many CAT6 cables also include a nylon spline which helps eliminate crosstalk. Although the spline is not required in CAT5 cable, some manufacturers include it anyway. In CAT6 cable, the spline is not required either as long as the cable tests according to the standard.


The nylon spline helps reduce crosstalk in the wire, with the thicker sheath protecting against Near End Crosstalk (NEXT) and Alien Crosstalk (AXT), which both occur more often as the frequency (Mhz) increases. In this picture below, the CAT5e sheath has the thinnest sheath versus CAT6 but it also was the only one with the nylon spline.
Shielded (FTP) vs. Unshielded (UTP)
Because all Ethernet cables are twisted, manufacturers use shielding to further protect the cable from interference. For example, Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) can easily be used for cables between your computer and the wall but you will want to use Foil Shielded Cable (FTP) for areas with high interference and running cables outdoors or inside walls.
There are different ways to shield an Ethernet cable, but typically it involves putting a shield around each pair of wire in the cable. This protects the pairs from crosstalk internally. Manufacturers can further protect cables from alien crosstalk with additional cable shielding beneath the sheath. The diagram below shows the different types of Ethernet shielding and the codes used to differentiate them.

Sunday, September 1, 2019

System integrator role in SSA Business

System integrator role in SSA Business

Yam, you know SSA is stands for Security Safety Automation (SSA Integrate). A security systems integrator by definition specializes in bringing together subsystems into a whole and ensuring that those subsystems function together. When the goal is physical security, those subsystems might be Video surveillance, Access control, Intrusion, FDA or Emergency notification, BAS, computer networks and more. Some security suppliers have established business simply on the procurement and installation of systems predefined by others. More fully developed are considered ‘design-build’ integrators. However the most capable security integrator is a full service provider capable of supporting your operations in every phase of the security system lifecycle:
1.   Security risk or needs assessments,
2.   System engineering and design for the major technologies,
3.   Broad access to the leading product lines,
4.   Custom engineering when required,
5.   Alternate investment options,
6.   Procurement, staging, installation, commissioning and training,
7.   Full lifecycle service and maintenance,
8.   System functional and technology upgrades.

A client who selects an integrator fully capable in all the above can then take advantage of his unique perspective on what are the key ingredients for successful development of a physical security program that is supportive of a healthy enterprise.
Working with a full service security provider also reinforces quality. Consider why this is so. If, for instance, the integrator offers long term service and maintenance for the system he installs, then both the service provider and the customer are motivated that the design should be solid and the installation of high quality. And if the integrator can offer attractive long term financing, even operational leases, then he again has a further stake in the caliber of the security provided.
System integration is defined in engineering as the process of bringing together the component sub-systems into one system (an aggregation of subsystems cooperating so that the system is able to deliver the overarching functionality) and ensuring that the subsystems function together as a system, and in information technology as the process of linking together different computing systems and software applications physically or functionally, to act as a coordinated whole.
System Integrators in the automation industry typically provide the product and application experience in implementing complex automation solutions. Often, System Integrators are aligned with automation vendors, joining their various System Integrator programs for access to development products, resources and technical support. System integrators are tightly linked to their accounts and often are viewed as the engineering departments for small manufacturers, handling their automation system installation, commissioning and long term maintenance.

Are there tangible ways that we see interoperability trending in the industry?
There is certainly movement toward standard-compliant products but it is slow. I attribute this mainly due to engineers reusing portions of old or outdated specs along with their lack of knowledge of the current product offerings. IP cameras will help move the standards along since more and more clients are aware of megapixel technology and it forces the engineers to become more current.

Where do you see underserved or untapped opportunities for security systems integrators to provide integration and automation expertise?
Video and access technology have the potential to be integrated well beyond the traditional Big Brother stereotype applications. One example is warehouse distribution and processing applications where repetitive tasks performed incorrectly can slow production or cause injuries. Video analytics could be modified to monitor physical movement and monitor improper technique that could lead to injuries.
These videos could initiate notifications to HR and management staff to alert them to potential problems before they occur. Access to machines and forklifts could be controlled through HR records. Integrating the access system to training and safety certifications could help reduce unqualified employees from accessing and enabling critical operational systems. Security could monitor the traditional video footage, HR could assemble incident reports tagged with the video and management could build and expand training programs with real world examples.

Another area of potential growth is the smart building. A fully integrated structure including security, lighting, HVAC and building controls that provides a return on investment along with the ability to remotely manage a site.

How can a locally-based or small regional company have successes in enterprise-level organizations?
Local companies can have a distinct advantage over the national integrators. First, the small or regional company must be technically advanced and focused on cutting-edge technology so they can provide a value to an enterprise-level client. They must also network with similar dealers with related product lines so they can establish an installation network throughout North America or the regions they are required to service. They can also become an agent for the enterprise client and coordinate all installations and manage that system for that client. Compare that level of service to the big integrators. Yes, they have a handful of talented individuals that truly get the big picture and these men and women travel the country and the world implementing systems. But once the job is completed, they’re off to the next one and you may never see them again.

How can smaller integrators differentiate to better compete?
A commitment to service is the local integrators greatest strength. Through continuing education of its technical staff and building working relationships with clients, a local integrator can react quickly and see the big picture of their customers’ needs and requests. As the IT department begins to dominate the physical security industry the local integrator can help be a bridge between the security professionals and the sometimes frustrating “smartest man in the room” syndrome of the IT staff . Most integrators have a great respect for the current and former local and national law enforcement professionals we work with every day. Their knowledge of where and why a camera is placed and how to implement the concentric rings of security, lighting control and placement is invaluable. The human element of security beyond pure technology is something that some IT professionals do not always grasp. Integrators can successful bridging that gap when they strive to clearly communicate with both departments.
What is the Solution Development Process With a Full Service Systems Integrator?

Risk Assessment. Your integrator should be able to assist or guide you in this first step toward development of a security solution. The industry standard for this is the ASIS 7-step general security risk assessment guideline. The guideline defines a process which starts with identification of assets and risk events and ends with a solution cost benefit analysis. Properly done the end product is not only the security you want and need but a documented rationale for the investment.

Financial OptionsSimilar to many internal enterprise processes the best electronic security solution is sometimes planned to be phased-in over time to give the client the best possible security function progressively. Nonetheless a full service integrator enables you to tailor acquisition of enhanced security in a manner which meets your needs. As an example, reasonably priced capital leases can push the cash flow impact of security into outer years. Due to current accelerated tax depreciation in effect these leases can in some instances reduce the net cost below that of an outright purchase. If a full service integrator has the internal resources – service fleet, repair department, stocked inventory, etc. – to maintain their installed systems they may also offer and administer operational lease programs to the security solutions they provide. These leases differ from capital leases in that ownership of the physical security equipment is retained by the service provider yet the site installation and its sustained operability is available as a monthly service fee.

Design. The functional design should clearly define for the end user the extent of the solution’s protection. It may involve multiple technologies for the most effective solution. Minimizing the burden placed on general staff to maintain security and respond to emergencies should typically be a demonstrable objective.
Value driven component selection may require a number of different supplier sources. Exterior components will be weatherproof, interior components will be vandal and wear resistant as needed. System operation will be well protected from the dangers of tampering, surges, electrical strikes, etc. as well as single points of failure if possible. A good design will not dead-end the customer but position the delivered security solution for adaptation to meet anticipated future needs. Good designs may even enhance as well as protect enterprise and site operations.
Installation & Commissioning. The installation should conform to and even exceed state and federal regulations and guidelines and be performed by licensed personnel as required. The installation should be safe for all onsite, reflect excellent workmanship and conduct should be courteous and respectful to all involved. System configuration should be performed by individuals with good system knowledge. The end user training should be complete enough to address at least typical daily tasks and provide them the resources they need to reinforce the training and administer further if required. This is most likely provided by a resource positioned to be a partner in meeting your security needs.
System Maintenance and Service. The overarching goal is to maintain the operability of your security solution with the same effectiveness experienced as it was commissioned. But electronics degrade and fail and sites often continuously require system tweaks as they grow. A good service program will make available to you certified service personnel as well as standard and emergency response times you can depend on. The best providers will often maintain stock for repair and loan and even have in house bench repair capability for rapid, cost effective turn around. And if you have outgrown your security systems or they are generally showing their age a good provider can offer mid-life upgrades and/or ‘system refreshes’ which progressively secure your operations and people.

Enterprise Security is Not A Commodity.
Why is enterprise physical electronic security more than just a commodity to be procured? Because the security risks are multiple, varied and changing. Some which occur infrequently are the most potentially damaging. An outside perspective developed from meeting a variety of client needs can help prioritize. The current solution state of the art is technical, multidisciplinary and rapidly evolving. There is not a consumer protected design-bid-build process which guarantees success. Only a subset of security industry service providers are equipped and positioned to reliably assist you from needs development through to system maintenance.

Trust on your selective System Integrator or Solution Service Provider.
System Integrator who really work in different system with different brand system, they are know who or which OEM  has good service support. No one integrator is wise for all product. System Integrator surve customer. OEM will not provide service.


Tips to choose Best System Integrator in India
·         Choose a systems integrator who has a list of successful projects with appreciation letter from customer. Check references, talk to their clients and take reviews. Find out for how long they have been in the field.
·         System Integrator should have long-term relationship and close ties with the leading OEMs. These relationships allow an integrator to keep up to date on new technologies, get the best prices, and provide you with the most complete support network available. The best integrators focus on customer needs and build solutions using best of breed technologies. They should have a broad range of products they have worked with and enough staff to handle different areas of the project.
·         The integrator should prove that they understood your requirements. Take Quote from multiple System Integrators. Be especially careful if you get lower price than expected or that others have quoted. Make sure the system integrator doesn’t over commit during negotiations.
·         System Integrator should have specialized expertise and that can be applied to create an architecture that ensures security, flexibility, and scalability to meet your IT service availability demands. Focus on their knowledge, techniques and skills. Make sure they have full knowledge of system engineering, as well as sufficient experience to handle your project.
·         If you don’t have in-house expertise for making the integrator selection, consider hiring a third-party technical consultant to establish selection criteria and/or participate in the review process. Get involved at the zero level in the planning, simulation, detailed layout, software handling techniques and maintenance requirements as much as you possibly can in order to get the biggest possible benefits. In this point our Writer can help, you may connect with this article writer.
·         Keep up-to-date milestone records during the course of the project. If you have to replace an integrator, refer to the specification and decide on a fair settlement covering payment for all completed deliverables. System Integrator should have a knowledge transfer process in place. This ensures you have the time and resources necessary to ensure your team understands the work product and can continue on – independently and successfully.
·         Look for an integrator that listens to your needs, communicates well, and provides customized solutions for your business.
·         Select an integrator that has a large, experienced engineering core with a holistic understanding of your entire ELV ecosystem. This will facilitate better design, deployment and support.

·         System Integrator 2/3 team member should have Membership their own technology field like: ASIS International, SIA (SECURITY INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION), FSAI, National Safety Council.


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