1080p vs 4K Security Camera

1080p vs 4K Security Camera: Detailed Comparison 

Choosing the right security camera resolution is crucial for capturing clear, usable footage. The debate between 1080p and 4K security cameras is more than just numbers—it’s about finding the balance between image quality, storage requirements, and cost-effectiveness.

Understanding the differences between these resolutions can help you make an informed decision tailored to your surveillance needs.

4K vs 1080p Security Cameras Compared

The resolution is the most significant difference when comparing 4K and 1080p security cameras. 4K cameras, also known as Ultra HD, are higher resolution cameras with a resolution of 3840×2160 pixels.

Such a camera records four times the resolution of 1080p Full HD cameras (at 1920×1080 pixels). This higher resolution translates to superior image quality with sharper, more detailed images.

It makes 4K cameras (vs. 1080p) the best bet for monitoring larger areas or situations where identifying fine details, such as facial features or license plates, is crucial.

However, these sharp images come at a cost—high-resolution 4K cameras require more storage space and more powerful hardware to process the higher volume of data. They also tend to be more expensive regarding initial investment and ongoing storage costs.

Also, 4K cameras may perform differently in low light conditions than their 1080p counterparts, often requiring more light to maintain high image quality.

On the other hand, 1080p cameras offer sufficient resolution for most standard surveillance needs. It is especially true for smaller spaces like front doors or single rooms in multi-tenant buildings. They strike a balance between delivering clear, detailed videos and managing storage and cost more efficiently.

While they may not capture as much detail as 4K cameras, 1080p cameras can still provide high-quality video surveillance for those on a tighter budget or with less demanding surveillance requirements.

In summary, the choice between 4K and 1080p security cameras depends on various factors, including the specific surveillance needs, available budget for purchase and maintenance, and the physical area needing coverage.

Quick Look

Feature	1080p Security Camera	4k Security Camera
Resolution	1920×1080 pixels	3840×2160 pixels
Storage Requirements	Lower due to smaller file sizes	Higher due to larger video files
Bandwidth Usage	Lower, more efficient on network resources	Higher, requires more bandwidth for streaming and storage
Low Light Performance	Generally good, depending on the camera model	May require more light to maintain clarity, but advanced models compensate well
Field of View	Wide, but may require more cameras to cover large areas	Wider, can cover larger areas with fewer cameras due to higher resolution
Compatibility	High with most DVR/NVR systems	May require more advanced or specific DVR/NVR systems for full resolution

Application

1080p security cameras are widely used in scenarios requiring general surveillance, including residential areas, small to medium-sized businesses, and indoor spaces where detailed zooming is less critical. They provide a balance between good image quality and efficient storage use.

4K security cameras, with their higher resolution, are best suited for areas requiring detailed surveillance, such as monitoring large public spaces, high-risk environments, and multi-tenant buildings where capturing the finest details is crucial.

They offer superior clarity, making them ideal for facial recognition and license plate identification even over wider areas.

Pricing Options

1080p cameras are more budget-friendly, making them a cost-effective option for those needing comprehensive coverage without breaking the bank.

Their lower price point does not significantly compromise quality, offering sufficient clarity for most standard surveillance needs. The pricing will also depend on various factors, not just the video resolution.

4K Cameras come at a higher cost due to their advanced technology and the better image quality they provide. The investment is justified for environments where the highest level of detail is necessary.

Still, it’s important to consider the total cost, including the need for more powerful hardware and increased storage capacity.

Detail & Clarity

The big difference in video resolution between 1080p and 4k cameras directly impacts the level of detail and clarity. 4K cameras can capture more detail in a larger scene with the same number of cameras, reducing blind spots and the need for additional units. It makes them the best solution for monitoring activities with precision.

Features

While both camera types have various features, 4K cameras often include advanced functionalities such as enhanced zoom capabilities without compromising image quality. Their powerful processing hardware supports more sophisticated video analytics, making them a versatile tool in security surveillance.

Storage and Bandwidth

4K cameras require more storage space and bandwidth (when it is an IP camera) to handle the higher resolution and video data they generate. It necessitates powerful hardware and possibly additional investments in storage solutions.

1080p cameras, with their lower resolution, consume less bandwidth and storage, making them more manageable for systems with limited resources.

FAQs

Can you really tell the difference between 4K and 1080p?

Yes, the difference between 4K and 1080p is noticeable, especially regarding video surveillance cameras. 4K resolution offers significantly more detail and clarity, making identifying faces, license plates, and other important details easier. The higher resolution provides a wider field of view and allows for effective digital zoom without compromising image quality.

Are 4K CCTV cameras worth it?

4K CCTV cameras are worth the investment for areas where high detail is crucial, such as monitoring entrances, cash registers, or large spaces. They offer superior image quality and the ability to capture more detail with fewer cameras. However, the value depends on specific surveillance needs, available infrastructure, and budget.

Is 1080p good for a security camera?

1080p is still a good resolution for security cameras, providing sufficient detail for most standard surveillance needs. It’s a cost-effective solution that balances quality and storage requirements, making it suitable for smaller businesses or areas where ultra-high detail is less critical.

Is 4K better than 1080p for an action camera?

For action cameras, 4K is better than 1080p as it captures much more detail and offers a wider field of view. It is particularly beneficial for capturing fast-moving scenes with clarity. However, it requires more processing power and storage space.

Key Takeaways

When choosing between 4K and 1080p security cameras, consider the balance between detail, storage, bandwidth, and budget.

4K cameras offer unparalleled clarity and detail, making them the best solution for critical surveillance areas. However, 1080p cameras still provide excellent image quality for general monitoring purposes and are more budget-friendly.

Ultimately, the choice should be based on your specific surveillance needs, the area you wish to cover, and the infrastructure you have in place. If you’re uncertain about which resolution fits your needs, our experts can help.

Contact us for a free consultation to explore the best security camera options for your requirements. Reach out today and enhance your surveillance system with the right resolution for your security needs.

References:
https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/tech/1080p
Mr. Anish Devasia: Supporting information details.

360 degrees of protection with the dome security camera

360 degrees of protection with the dome security camera

Pan/Tilt/Zoom cameras or PTZ cameras or 360degree cameras remain critical parts of many surveillance systems, especially in large security operations. Because of this it is important to understand and consider the key elements in selecting and using PTZ cameras.

In this guide we cover the basics of PTZ cameras and their selection, including:

• Pan/tilt/zoom basic terms
• Zoom ratios explained
• Using angle of view instead of zoom rating
• E-flip examined
• Available PTZ resolutions and their advantages/disadvantages
• Form factor selection (speeddomes, mini PTZs, positioners)
• Integrated IR PTZs
• PTZ lens issues
• Actual versus effective PPF
• Presets and tours
• Common applications

Pan/Tilt/Zoom Camera Basics

PTZs combine a camera with a motorized mechanism which allows it to move in multiple directions. These movements are referred to as:

• Pan: Left/right horizontal movement
• Tilt: Up/down vertical movement
• Zoom: Near and far 

This example demonstrates each of these movements:

Note that the extent to which cameras may be moved varies. Some models may be limited to 340° panning, some may tilt above horizontal, and zoom levels may vary from only slight magnification to extremely long distance. These specs depend on the type of PTZ (detailed below) and individual manufacturer/model.

E-Flip

Many PTZs include a feature called "E-flip" which automatically rotates the camera 180° when the operator is following a subject directly beneath it. This is a more intuitive control method than models which do not include E-flip, as the user must manually rotate the camera to follow the subject as they pass below.

This example shows the camera flipping as it is tilted down to 0° and beyond, while only the down tilt control is pressed.

Zoom Ratio

Manufacturers most often advertise PTZs using their optical zoom ratio, e.g., 18x, 26x, 36x, etc. This ratio is formed simply by dividing the camera's maximum focal length by its minimum, such as:

Use View Angle Instead

However, using only zoom ratio as an indicator of PTZ zoom performance misses some key details. Since lenses have differing wide/telephoto focal lengths, two cameras with the same ratio may have very different fields of view.

For example, looking at the specs of two 18x zoom cameras, we can see that one has a telephoto angle of view ~30% narrower (and thus higher PPF) than the other due to varying lens specs. But the reverse is also true, with the camera on the right having a wider possible angle of view, which may be more useful in some applications.

Users must beware of these issues when selecting PTZs and choose based on their required areas of interest. 

Ignore Digital Zoom

Some PTZ models include digital zoom in addition to optical, even in some cases  multiplying the two to create a deceptive "total zoom" figure, such as this camera:

However, digital zoom is a "fake" zoom, not providing additional details, only enlarging pixels captured and these specs should effectively be ignored in favor of angle of view as discussed above.

Resolutions Available

PTZs are now available in varying HD resolutions, as well as standard definition. Historically, zoom lenses for megapixel cameras were not available, though in the past few years, 1080p PTZs with 36x zoom have become readily available.

Note that HD is not necessarily preferable in PTZ applications, due to flaws in long focal length megapixel lenses, detailed later in this report.

PTZ Form Factors

There are three typical types of PTZ camera in use today, with different strengths and weaknesses, overviewed in this chart and detailed below:

Speeddome

The most common type of PTZ in use is the speeddome, which packages the camera/lens and pan/tilt mechanism in a dome form factor, typically 8-10" in diameter.

Speeddomes have several advantages:

• Pre-packaged: Due to their construction, speeddomes typically require less work to mount than positioning systems (below), and may be mounted in a variety of locations. Wall, pendant, recessed ceiling, and other mounts are all readily available.
• Integrated IR available: Several manufacturers now offer speeddomes with integrated IR (detailed further below), which greatly improves their usefulness in low light, as speeddomes historically have used relatively high F-Stop lenses, poor in dark scenes.
• Fast PTZ speeds: Speeddomes are the fastest movable cameras available. Speeds over 300º per second are not uncommon, and over 400º per second is not unheard of. This allows tracking of faster-moving subjects, and shorter movement times when switching between presets, often a fraction of a second.
• Pan/tilt range: Speeddomes typically feature full 360º pan range, without stops, and 180º tilt range with e-flip, to allow trailing of subjects as they move beneath the camera. Many cameras have extended tilt beyond 90º, with some offering up to 15º of up-tilt, above the horizon. Up-tilt previously required a pan/tilt positioner.
• Less wind loading: Compared to pan/tilt positioning systems, reviewed below, speeddomes do not have as many issues in strong winds, which may cause vibration in pan/tilt cameras.

Mini PTZ

Mini PTZ domes are a relatively recent development, with several manufacturers now offering models. These smaller PTZs have two key advantages:

• Low cost: Mini PTZs are must less expensive than full size speeddomes, often ~$300 USD or less, compared to $800-2000 for a speeddome.
• Small size: These models are much smaller than typical speeddomes, close to the size of a typical fixed dome camera (5-6" diameter) and much smaller in height.

However, there are disadvantages to mini PTZs as well:

• Limited zoom: Mini PTZs are typically limited to low optical zoom ratios such as 3x, though some may be found up to ~10x. Compared to other PTZs, often 30x or more, this is very low.
• Limited positioning range: Mini PTZs typically do not include full 360° panning, nor e-flip found in speeddomes.
• Slow pan/tilt speed: Panning speed of a mini PTZ is typically very low, 30-90 degrees per second, a fraction of speeddome panning speed.

Pan/Tilt Positioners

Pan/tilt positioners are the oldest type of movable camera system, available prior to integrated PTZ speeddomes. These systems historically consisted of separate componentes which were manually integrated: the positioner itself, a separate camera, and zoom lens. 

However, some manufacturers now offer pre-packaged IP positioning systems, such as the Axis Q86/Q87 and Pelco Esprit.

The key advantage to pan/tilt positioners is flexibility. Users may choose from multiple cameras and zoom lenses, instead of being limited to available speeddome options. This is useful when extremely long-range zoom lenses are required, as lenses over 100x zoom are available.

Positioners were previously the only option when infrared illuminators were desired in a PTZ camera. However, speeddomes with integrated IR have now largely caught up, offering long range infrared.

There are two key drawbacks to positioners:

• PTZ speed: Positioners often have low pan/tilt speeds, due to the weight and balance of cameras mounted on them. Increasing speeds could lead to increased vibration and "bounce" as cameras started and stopped moving, making tracking more difficult.
• Wind loading: Due to their increased profile, positioning systems in exposed areas may suffer from vibration due to wind, which is reduced or not present when using speeddomes.

Integrated IR Speeddomes

One recent advance in PTZ speeddomes is the addition of integrated IR, previously mainly found in positioners only. Many manufacturers now offer integrated IR speeddomes, such as Bosch, Dahua, Hikvision, and Samsung.

Integrated IR speeddomes have outperformed non-IR models in our tests at all ranges, with illumination at 450' and beyond. For example, the comparison below shows a 1080p IR PTZ versus a non-IR model at ~485' distance, with the subject clearly displayed in the IR model. The non-IR PTZ displays only noise, no usable image.

PTZ Lens Issues

When planning PTZ camera use, users should be aware that PTZ and other long focal length lenses do not resolve images the same as shorter focal length lenses, resulting in a reduction in practical details delivered. Because of this, when calculating needed PPF using PTZ cameras, users should expect a ~50% or higher reduction in delivered details.

For example, the image below shows a subject at ~420' using a 1080p camera, in an 87 PPF scene. However, details delivered are similar to ~35-40 PPF, less than half of actual.

Note that SD PTZs do not suffer typically suffer from these effects. For example, the VGA PTZ below displays a better image than the 1080p model at the same range, despite its much lower actual PPF.

PTZ Presets and Tours

In order to make PTZ operation easier, these cameras include the option to define predetermined positions, called "presets", which may be used to quickly move the camera to a specific position. For example, the clip below shows several presets covering a parking lot, quickly called in succession using a VMS.

In addition to presets, PTZs include tours (also called patterns) which move the camera automatically on a preset time schedule (typically every 3-10 seconds). Tours in current cameras most often call presets in a specific order (called a preset tour).

However, in the past, tours were typically defined by recording an operator manually moving the camera. This style of tour has generally fallen out of favor, though, as it becomes more difficult to spot small objects in motion as the camera is moving, and the constant PTZ movement precludes the use of camera-side video motion detection, which may be used in preset tours.

Most Common PTZ Applications

For the most part, PTZ usage is dropping in favor of fixed megapixel cameras, but there are still applications in which they are frequently used.

• Live monitoring operations: In systems with surveillance operators, PTZs are still often used, as they allow the user to more closely inspect and follow subjects than is possible with fixed cameras. Live monitoring is most often used in larger, higher security systerms, such as airports, critical infrastructure, city surveillance, etc., though many large retailers also employ PTZs and operators.
• Large areas: In very large areas, PTZs on preset patterns are still sometimes used instead of fixed megapixel cameras due to the higher details they may deliver at long range. For example, the image below compares 4K and 5MP cameras against HD and SD PTZs, with even the lowest resolution PTZ delivering details of the subject at this range: