System Integration for High-rise Buildings
Integrated systems, or systems
integration (SSA – Security Safety Automation), is the process of bringing
together component sub-systems into one functional system.
It provides a system with coherence by making the parts or
components work together, or 'building or creating a whole from
parts.
A
component means HVAC / VRV, Plumbing, Fire Fighting with Detection, Electrical
Systems, Lifts, elevators, Intrusion Alarm, Access Control, UPS & Lighting
Automation etc. The result of integration creates BMS. The powerful
combination of open systems protocols and a scalable platform means the BMS can
help support growth and expansion of the system in the future. So Building
Automation System (BAS) or Building Management System (BMS) is the automatic
centralized control of a building's heating, ventilation and air conditioning,
lighting and other systems through a building management system or building
automation system. The objectives of building automation are improved occupant
comfort, efficient operation of building systems, and reduction in energy
consumption and operating costs, and improve life cycle of utilities. The
Building Automation System (BAS) core functionality is to keep building climate
within a specified range, light rooms based on an occupancy schedule, monitor
performance and device failures in all systems and provide malfunction alarms.
Automation systems reduce building energy and maintenance costs compared to a
non-controlled building.
Now we
consider a building having 62 floors
height is 268 meters (The 42 is
a residential skyscraper in Kolkata in the state of West
Bengal in India.) tower that is technically advanced, sustainable, and
forward-looking. Designed by Hafeez Contractor Architect. Excerpts from the
mechanical, electrical, plumbing (MEP), communications, security, and
sustainable design specification sections for that building are provided below.
For our reader this is just an examples, we are not confirm reality of System
integration at “The 42”.
Mechanical
Chilled water:
The building’s cooling
will be provided by offsite district chilled-water production plants via pipe
connections from street distribution to the energy-transfer room located at the
lower level.
Heating systems:
- Electric-resistance heating coils will be provided with each dedicated outside air handling unit, as well as each amenity and lobby air handling unit.
- Electric-resistance baseboard heaters will be provided along perimeter windows and walls for the ground-floor lobby and at all floors with perimeter glazing higher than 9-ft 6-in.
- Baseboard heaters will be interlocked with the fan-powered box serving the respective perimeter area.
- Electric-resistance baseboard heaters along perimeter windows and walls for ground-floor retail areas will be provided by the tenants. Baseboard heaters shall be interlocked with the respective air conditioning units provided by the tenants.
Air conditioning
· Four factory-packaged dedicated outside-air
units will be provided in the Level 20 mechanical room to provide minimum
code-required ventilation air to all of the typical office floors.
- Conference center and fitness area: Variable-volume factory package units will be provided in the mezzanine space above the Level 2 locker room and toilet space to serve the conference center and fitness areas.
- Ground-floor lobby: A variable-volume factory package unit will be provided in the basement level to serve the entrance lobby and lounge.
Duct distribution systems
Perimeter offices and
interior offices will be supplied from separate variable air volume series
flow-fan-powered boxes, system pressure-independent direct digital control
(DDC) by the building automation system (BAS) or Building Management System
(BMS), low leakage and low-pressure drop for space-temperature control.
Perimeter fan-powered boxes will include electric heating coils for envelope
heat.
DDC/BAS network, communication, and software
- The DDCs and BAS shall provide central control and monitoring of major HVAC equipment. The DDC/BAS will consist of two tiers or levels of networks.
- The first-tier network shall provide connectivity between all DDC network controllers (B-BC), the BAS server, and dedicated BMS operator workstations. It shall be Ethernet-based and shall serve as a backbone for all base building technology systems. A virtual local area network (VLAN) may be portioned by the owner and dedicated for BMS communications.
- The second-tier networks shall provide communications from each DDC network controller (B-BC) to all DDC controllers, variable-speed drives, equipment-mounted controllers, and other smart field devices.
- The BAS shall have custom graphical displays to monitor the operation of HVAC equipment connected to the BAS. User displays shall also include floor plans. Graphical displays shall be submitted electronically to the client and the engineer for review.
- Each DDC shall connect to a communication network for central monitoring, remote override, setpoint adjustment, history collection to archive, and alarm annunciation. The BAS shall be capable of generating both advisory and critical alarm-notification messages via email to the designated recipients as determined by the client. Each DDC shall monitor and control the associated HVAC unit in a stand-alone configuration, independent of any other DDC.
BMS hardware features
All BMS network
communications shall use a physical layer of Ethernet and EIA-485. Ethernet
cabling will be provided by structured cabling. EIA-485/twisted pair cabling
shall be provided by the DDC contractor.
Electrical Systems
Electric service
- Primary distribution: Service feeders, originating from separate networks, to the project via underground concrete-encased duct banks. These duct banks shall enter into a utility-owned main-line switching station and transformer vault located in the basement level.
- Secondary distribution: The building shall be provided with service entrance switchboard rooms and vertically aligned branch electrical closets strategically located to provide an efficient and economical distribution of wiring systems throughout the facility.
- Provide lighting systems for base building lobbies; electrical, telephone, mechanical, and elevator equipment rooms; parking; service areas; corridors; stairways; toilets; storage rooms; dock area; elevator pits; supply and recirculation fan plenums; roof hatches; exit signs; etc. The lighting system shall be complete with fixtures, ballasts, drivers, lamps, branch circuits, and controls to interface with BMS and accessories.
- Daylighting and shade controls.
Domestic cold water
- Provide dual domestic water services connected to the water main in the street per the local water department’s requirements and route into the building’s dedicated pump room.
- Provide and install domestic-water service, water meters, and all associated valves on the water services as required by the City and a branch with water line with a double-detector check-valve assembly for continuation by the fire protection contractor.
Storm water system
- Furnish and install roof drains at all roofs along with the interior drainage system and downspouts for a complete operable storm water system.
- All storm/waste piping, above grade level, shall be connected to a gravity storm sewer. Collect all storm piping and route to the storm detention structure included with overflow. The civil engineer will continue the sewer from that point.
Fire Protection
NFPA 13 apply for High
rise building,
Standpipe system
- A standpipe system shall be provided for the new proposed high-rise building.
- The water supply for the combination sprinkler and standpipe riser shall be hydraulically calculated to supply a residual pressure of 65 psi at the top most outlets, with a flow rate equal to 250 gpm plus actual sprinkler system demand but not less than 500 gpm approx. Through the flow switch BMS get data.
- A supervised automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the entire premises, except in dedicated electrical transformer rooms, dedicated main-building switchboard rooms, dedicated electrical closets or rooms where voltage exceeds 600 V, base building life safety emergency generator rooms, elevator shafts, and elevator machine rooms.
Fire Detection
Most fire alarm systems
on the market today have the capability to output fire alarm signals over
BACnet protocols. This is accomplished via a BACnet gateway that allows the
fire alarm system to output signals to third-party equipment as BACnet objects.
The third-party equipment can be configured to read and react to data received
from the gateway. In order to ensure life safety is not impacted by any
integrated non-fire system, a listed barrier gateway, integral with or attached
to each control unit or group of control units, as appropriate, must be
provided to prevent the other systems from interfering with or controlling the
fire alarm system.
The BACnet interface is a
standalone piece of fire alarm equipment, so it is constantly online and goes
offline only if it loses both primary and backup power, or if it is being
serviced. Therefore, there is no downtime or signal restoration necessary when
the fire alarm system is reset. If any of the fire alarm points that are being
supervised by the gateway change state at any time, the BACnet gateway will
automatically change the status of the BACnet objects associated with those
points.
Communications
Spaces and Pathways
- Spaces—TEF: Two separate telecommunications entrance facilities will be located on the basement level. These are small rooms where the telecommunications service providers will transition their outside-plant cabling to indoor-rated cabling and shall bond the cable sheaths. Multiple service providers may enter the building via the same TEF. They will each be given proportioned wall space to place their splice equipment.
- Pathways—incoming services: conduits from the property line are specified for incoming serve to each of the two TEF rooms.
Structured Cabling
Backbone
- Vertical fiber backbone: One 12-strand OM4 multimode fiber-optic cable will be provided from telecommunications room to every 5 floors as well as the basement.
- This backbone is for the building’s network and other systems the building wishes to deploy. It will allow the IP devices (BAS controllers, lighting controllers, security-access control panels, security cameras, etc.) on each group of three floors to connect to the building LAN access switch.
- There may be a consideration for additional single-mode fiber-optic cabling if it is required to support a distributed antenna system implementation.
Data Network
The data network provides
the delivery of information services throughout the building. The data network
is a single, unified physical network that is comprised of several independent
logical networks. A wide variety of network-enabled devices use the data
network utility to send and receive information. A device’s ability to
communicate with other devices is governed by the security policies that are
implemented throughout the data network. By designing and implementing the data
network to be flexible and adaptive, this reduces the management and
operational expense of reconfiguration once the network is installed.
The systems/devices that
will use the unified data network include the following:
- Security (access control, video surveillance, visitor management, intercom).
- Building control systems (integrated automation system (IAS), BAS, lighting/shade controls, elevator controls).
- Audio/video (digital signage, background music, control system).
- Wireless.
- User devices (PCs, phones, printers, multifunction devices).
- Servers.
Voice system
The main voice system
will be completely Voice over Internet Protocol, with voice servers residing in
the hosted offsite. The voice system shall have a redundant voice server with
automatic failover capabilities.
Distributed antenna system
The building will deploy
a DAS that will provide cellular enhancement for multiple wireless carriers
over a common infrastructure. It also will allow for two-way radios used by
building operations staff to utilize the same infrastructure.
Security system
General description
System purpose: The
security system is designed to control authorized access and prohibit
unauthorized access to private or restricted spaces and to record access events
for later investigation or audit purposes. The security system will consist of
card-reader access control, Boom barrier / Flap Gate, visitor management,
intercom, and security camera subsystems. Duress- or panic-alarm systems and
intrusion-alarm systems are not included.
Access Control System (ACS)
The purpose of the ACS is
to control authorized access and prohibit unauthorized access to private or
restricted spaces and to record access activity for later investigation or
audit purposes. The ACS will consist of card readers, data-gathering panels,
door controls/sensors, and door alarms.
Visitor Management System (VMS)
·
The purpose of the VMS is to register and log
visitors, print badges, track visitors, and provide reports.
- The VMS will consist of a standard PC with a camera and badge printer for lobby reception desk use and a stand-alone kiosk for visitor self-registration.
- The system will be able to register and log visitor information.
- The VMS shall issue visitor credentials (“digital credentials”) to mobile devices to allow those devices to allow access via turnstiles and at elevators based on specific access-authorization rights per tenant.
Video Surveillance System (VSS)
The purpose of the
security camera system is to augment the ACS by providing a means to remotely
assess activity at access points and to record video images of activity at
those locations for later investigation or audit purposes. Not mandatory to use
same display with BMS. The security camera system will consist of IP cameras
and a network video recorder (NVR).
- NVRs will have a TCP/IP network interface for control and operation.
- All camera monitoring, playback, and control will be via standard web browser interface.
- Personnel with proper system authorization will be able to access live and/or recorded video from desktop PCs. Video verification; “see” what camera “saw” is most valuable part in high rise building. Not mandatory to install AI based Costly video analytics software.
- The cameras will be high-resolution color cameras. Additional camera features, such as low-light capability and wide dynamic range, will be provided with specific cameras where those features will be necessary to provide a quality image.
Smart buildings need to
meet the expectations of the occupant and technologies must work together
flawlessly to provide a personalized experience, now for the security
integrator, the key is how do you create an integrated security framework that
allows that customer to benefit from that data? To execute this doesn’t look
back your cost, find good services, good OEM with quality product & good SI
or SSA Integrate Company.
Ref:
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