System Integration for High-rise Buildings
Integrated systems, or systems
integration (SSA – Security Safety Automation), is the process of bringing
together component sub-systems into one functional system.
It provides a system with coherence by making the parts or
components work together, or 'building or creating a whole from
parts.
A
component means HVAC / VRV, Plumbing, Fire Fighting with Detection, Electrical
Systems, Lifts, elevators, Intrusion Alarm, Access Control, UPS & Lighting
Automation etc. The result of integration creates BMS. The powerful
combination of open systems protocols and a scalable platform means the BMS can
help support growth and expansion of the system in the future. So Building
Automation System (BAS) or Building Management System (BMS) is the automatic
centralized control of a building's heating, ventilation and air conditioning,
lighting and other systems through a building management system or building
automation system. The objectives of building automation are improved occupant
comfort, efficient operation of building systems, and reduction in energy
consumption and operating costs, and improve life cycle of utilities. The
Building Automation System (BAS) core functionality is to keep building climate
within a specified range, light rooms based on an occupancy schedule, monitor
performance and device failures in all systems and provide malfunction alarms.
Automation systems reduce building energy and maintenance costs compared to a
non-controlled building.
Now we consider a building having 62 floors height is 268 meters (The 42 is a residential skyscraper in Kolkata in the state of West Bengal in India.) tower that is technically advanced, sustainable, and forward-looking. Designed by Hafeez Contractor Architect. Excerpts from the mechanical, electrical, plumbing (MEP), communications, security, and sustainable design specification sections for that building are provided below. For our reader this is just an examples, we are not confirm reality of System integration at “The 42”.
Now we consider a building having 62 floors height is 268 meters (The 42 is a residential skyscraper in Kolkata in the state of West Bengal in India.) tower that is technically advanced, sustainable, and forward-looking. Designed by Hafeez Contractor Architect. Excerpts from the mechanical, electrical, plumbing (MEP), communications, security, and sustainable design specification sections for that building are provided below. For our reader this is just an examples, we are not confirm reality of System integration at “The 42”.
Mechanical
Chilled water:
The building’s cooling
will be provided by offsite district chilled-water production plants via pipe
connections from street distribution to the energy-transfer room located at the
lower level.
Heating systems:
- Electric-resistance heating coils will be provided with each dedicated outside air handling unit, as well as each amenity and lobby air handling unit.
- Electric-resistance baseboard heaters will be provided along perimeter windows and walls for the ground-floor lobby and at all floors with perimeter glazing higher than 9-ft 6-in.
- Baseboard heaters will be interlocked with the fan-powered box serving the respective perimeter area.
- Electric-resistance baseboard heaters along perimeter windows and walls for ground-floor retail areas will be provided by the tenants. Baseboard heaters shall be interlocked with the respective air conditioning units provided by the tenants.
Air conditioning
· Four factory-packaged dedicated outside-air
units will be provided in the Level 20 mechanical room to provide minimum
code-required ventilation air to all of the typical office floors.
- Conference center and fitness area: Variable-volume factory package units will be provided in the mezzanine space above the Level 2 locker room and toilet space to serve the conference center and fitness areas.
- Ground-floor lobby: A variable-volume factory package unit will be provided in the basement level to serve the entrance lobby and lounge.
Duct distribution systems
Perimeter offices and
interior offices will be supplied from separate variable air volume series
flow-fan-powered boxes, system pressure-independent direct digital control
(DDC) by the building automation system (BAS) or Building Management System
(BMS), low leakage and low-pressure drop for space-temperature control.
Perimeter fan-powered boxes will include electric heating coils for envelope
heat.
DDC/BAS network, communication, and software
- The DDCs and BAS shall provide central control and monitoring of major HVAC equipment. The DDC/BAS will consist of two tiers or levels of networks.
- The first-tier network shall provide connectivity between all DDC network controllers (B-BC), the BAS server, and dedicated BMS operator workstations. It shall be Ethernet-based and shall serve as a backbone for all base building technology systems. A virtual local area network (VLAN) may be portioned by the owner and dedicated for BMS communications.
- The second-tier networks shall provide communications from each DDC network controller (B-BC) to all DDC controllers, variable-speed drives, equipment-mounted controllers, and other smart field devices.
- The BAS shall have custom graphical displays to monitor the operation of HVAC equipment connected to the BAS. User displays shall also include floor plans. Graphical displays shall be submitted electronically to the client and the engineer for review.
- Each DDC shall connect to a communication network for central monitoring, remote override, setpoint adjustment, history collection to archive, and alarm annunciation. The BAS shall be capable of generating both advisory and critical alarm-notification messages via email to the designated recipients as determined by the client. Each DDC shall monitor and control the associated HVAC unit in a stand-alone configuration, independent of any other DDC.
BMS hardware features
All BMS network
communications shall use a physical layer of Ethernet and EIA-485. Ethernet
cabling will be provided by structured cabling. EIA-485/twisted pair cabling
shall be provided by the DDC contractor.
Electrical Systems
Electric service
- Primary distribution: Service feeders, originating from separate networks, to the project via underground concrete-encased duct banks. These duct banks shall enter into a utility-owned main-line switching station and transformer vault located in the basement level.
- Secondary distribution: The building shall be provided with service entrance switchboard rooms and vertically aligned branch electrical closets strategically located to provide an efficient and economical distribution of wiring systems throughout the facility.
- Provide lighting systems for base building lobbies; electrical, telephone, mechanical, and elevator equipment rooms; parking; service areas; corridors; stairways; toilets; storage rooms; dock area; elevator pits; supply and recirculation fan plenums; roof hatches; exit signs; etc. The lighting system shall be complete with fixtures, ballasts, drivers, lamps, branch circuits, and controls to interface with BMS and accessories.
- Daylighting and shade controls.
Domestic cold water
- Provide dual domestic water services connected to the water main in the street per the local water department’s requirements and route into the building’s dedicated pump room.
- Provide and install domestic-water service, water meters, and all associated valves on the water services as required by the City and a branch with water line with a double-detector check-valve assembly for continuation by the fire protection contractor.
Storm water system
- Furnish and install roof drains at all roofs along with the interior drainage system and downspouts for a complete operable storm water system.
- All storm/waste piping, above grade level, shall be connected to a gravity storm sewer. Collect all storm piping and route to the storm detention structure included with overflow. The civil engineer will continue the sewer from that point.
Fire Protection
NFPA 13 apply for High
rise building,
Standpipe system
- A standpipe system shall be provided for the new proposed high-rise building.
- The water supply for the combination sprinkler and standpipe riser shall be hydraulically calculated to supply a residual pressure of 65 psi at the top most outlets, with a flow rate equal to 250 gpm plus actual sprinkler system demand but not less than 500 gpm approx. Through the flow switch BMS get data.
- A supervised automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the entire premises, except in dedicated electrical transformer rooms, dedicated main-building switchboard rooms, dedicated electrical closets or rooms where voltage exceeds 600 V, base building life safety emergency generator rooms, elevator shafts, and elevator machine rooms.
Fire Detection
Most fire alarm systems
on the market today have the capability to output fire alarm signals over
BACnet protocols. This is accomplished via a BACnet gateway that allows the
fire alarm system to output signals to third-party equipment as BACnet objects.
The third-party equipment can be configured to read and react to data received
from the gateway. In order to ensure life safety is not impacted by any
integrated non-fire system, a listed barrier gateway, integral with or attached
to each control unit or group of control units, as appropriate, must be
provided to prevent the other systems from interfering with or controlling the
fire alarm system.
The BACnet interface is a
standalone piece of fire alarm equipment, so it is constantly online and goes
offline only if it loses both primary and backup power, or if it is being
serviced. Therefore, there is no downtime or signal restoration necessary when
the fire alarm system is reset. If any of the fire alarm points that are being
supervised by the gateway change state at any time, the BACnet gateway will
automatically change the status of the BACnet objects associated with those
points.
Communications
Spaces and Pathways
- Spaces—TEF: Two separate telecommunications entrance facilities will be located on the basement level. These are small rooms where the telecommunications service providers will transition their outside-plant cabling to indoor-rated cabling and shall bond the cable sheaths. Multiple service providers may enter the building via the same TEF. They will each be given proportioned wall space to place their splice equipment.
- Pathways—incoming services: conduits from the property line are specified for incoming serve to each of the two TEF rooms.
Structured Cabling
Backbone
- Vertical fiber backbone: One 12-strand OM4 multimode fiber-optic cable will be provided from telecommunications room to every 5 floors as well as the basement.
- This backbone is for the building’s network and other systems the building wishes to deploy. It will allow the IP devices (BAS controllers, lighting controllers, security-access control panels, security cameras, etc.) on each group of three floors to connect to the building LAN access switch.
- There may be a consideration for additional single-mode fiber-optic cabling if it is required to support a distributed antenna system implementation.
Data Network
The data network provides
the delivery of information services throughout the building. The data network
is a single, unified physical network that is comprised of several independent
logical networks. A wide variety of network-enabled devices use the data
network utility to send and receive information. A device’s ability to
communicate with other devices is governed by the security policies that are
implemented throughout the data network. By designing and implementing the data
network to be flexible and adaptive, this reduces the management and
operational expense of reconfiguration once the network is installed.
The systems/devices that
will use the unified data network include the following:
- Security (access control, video surveillance, visitor management, intercom).
- Building control systems (integrated automation system (IAS), BAS, lighting/shade controls, elevator controls).
- Audio/video (digital signage, background music, control system).
- Wireless.
- User devices (PCs, phones, printers, multifunction devices).
- Servers.
Voice system
The main voice system
will be completely Voice over Internet Protocol, with voice servers residing in
the hosted offsite. The voice system shall have a redundant voice server with
automatic failover capabilities.
Distributed antenna system
The building will deploy
a DAS that will provide cellular enhancement for multiple wireless carriers
over a common infrastructure. It also will allow for two-way radios used by
building operations staff to utilize the same infrastructure.
Security system
General description
System purpose: The
security system is designed to control authorized access and prohibit
unauthorized access to private or restricted spaces and to record access events
for later investigation or audit purposes. The security system will consist of
card-reader access control, Boom barrier / Flap Gate, visitor management,
intercom, and security camera subsystems. Duress- or panic-alarm systems and
intrusion-alarm systems are not included.
Access Control System (ACS)
The purpose of the ACS is
to control authorized access and prohibit unauthorized access to private or
restricted spaces and to record access activity for later investigation or
audit purposes. The ACS will consist of card readers, data-gathering panels,
door controls/sensors, and door alarms.
Visitor Management System (VMS)
·
The purpose of the VMS is to register and log
visitors, print badges, track visitors, and provide reports.
- The VMS will consist of a standard PC with a camera and badge printer for lobby reception desk use and a stand-alone kiosk for visitor self-registration.
- The system will be able to register and log visitor information.
- The VMS shall issue visitor credentials (“digital credentials”) to mobile devices to allow those devices to allow access via turnstiles and at elevators based on specific access-authorization rights per tenant.
Video Surveillance System (VSS)
The purpose of the
security camera system is to augment the ACS by providing a means to remotely
assess activity at access points and to record video images of activity at
those locations for later investigation or audit purposes. Not mandatory to use
same display with BMS. The security camera system will consist of IP cameras
and a network video recorder (NVR).
- NVRs will have a TCP/IP network interface for control and operation.
- All camera monitoring, playback, and control will be via standard web browser interface.
- Personnel with proper system authorization will be able to access live and/or recorded video from desktop PCs. Video verification; “see” what camera “saw” is most valuable part in high rise building. Not mandatory to install AI based Costly video analytics software.
- The cameras will be high-resolution color cameras. Additional camera features, such as low-light capability and wide dynamic range, will be provided with specific cameras where those features will be necessary to provide a quality image.
Smart buildings need to
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Many buildings install Building Management Systems (BMS) to monitor their mechanical and electrical equipment, such as lighting, security systems, fire systems, power systems, ventilation and more. This computer-based control system not only saves time and money during maintenance, but also helps in saving energy consumption.
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BACnet support of backup/restore service, BACnet schedules, algorithmic alarming, redundancy and support of latest bacnet 2004 standards – open system providing more choices
Trends up to 32 inputs tracked with single trend view, trends with events view, and trends with numeric history view – for enhanced productivity
Remote software update service supports MS and EBI updates with latest security policies – It-friendly and secure.
Benefits Of System Integration In Buildings:
System integration is an umbrella term that, at the most basic level, refers to links between elements of the HVAC system — still far and away the most common form of integration. The next step up is connectivity between HVAC and other systems, like security or fire safety.
At a still higher level, an integrated system may tie together building control systems and facility management software packages like CAFM (computer-aided facility management) or CMMS (computerized maintenance management systems). The newest approach entails hooking building systems into company-wide business applications like enterprise resource planning.
Integration can reduce the time it takes to respond to problems. At higher levels, integration may offer information-sharing and control options that improve maintenance, enable facilities to tap utility incentives or beneficial rates, provide building users with some control over operating parameters for building systems or feed facility performance data to top executives.
Other Benefits:
- Single Work Station
System integration allows facilities managers to work from a single work station. Problems can be solved and changes can be made with a few clicks rather than visiting multiple computer systems. It simplifies the process and makes it easy to manage.
- Energy Savings
Integration can reduce energy consumption and bring significant energy savings. Tying together and monitoring temperature fluctuations as well as making necessary adjustments or repairs to equipment can produce energy savings almost immediately.
- Improve Response Time
When integration is done properly, real-time alerts will be sent via work orders or alarm systems. Many software companies now offer mobile capabilities, so management can get alerts through their mobile phone or other device.
- Performance
Integrated systems perform well. Most users of integrated systems are satisfied with how the technology operates, which demonstrates that in general, system integration meets expectations and is easy to use.
For More Details About ICONIC Plus Building System Integration Service
Central monitoring system allowing:
- acquisition of data, information, signals and statuses from all systems integrated in buildings
- archiving of data into central database (e.g. MS SQL Server)
- operation and management of buildings with unified operator interface
- conservation of energy resulting from optimalization of heating, energy consumption regulation (control of lights, ventilation, heating, HVAC, etc.)
BMS system includes
Monitoring and evaluation of data from security systems:
- elektronic security systems, e.g. the Galaxy system
- elektronic fire alarm systems e.g. the Esser central (by Honeywell)
- monitoring of other malfunction signals (switchboards, lifts, emergency energy sources, etc.)
Monitoring nad regulation of heating and energetic devices
- heating and water boilers
- regulation of boiler rooms and heat exchange stations
- monitoring and regulation of HVAC
- monitoring of operation statuses, control of technologies based on defined time schedules or contractual consumption diagrams
Measurement and evalueation of energy consumption (electricity, water, heat, gas ...)
- monitoring and evalueation of energy consumption in defined time-range based on specific criteria:
1. based on measured medium type (electricity, water, heat, gas ...)
2. based on consumer
3. based on group of meters (e.g. boiler room, flat unit, ...)
- monthly evalueation of consumption + possible export of data into information systems
Attendance systems
- integration of personnel attendance systems (e.g. Microsoft Access system)
Camera systems (CCTV)
- integration of camera records into the BMS monitoring system (live surveilance, record vieweng, camera control, ...)
Monitoring and control of inteligent houses
- using communication buses DALI, KNX, BACnet etc..
BMS system input data
Request for interconnection of BMS system with other systems and devices: Measureent and Regulation (various types of PLCs), energy meters (from various manufactureres), subsystems integrated in the building (fire alarms, security systems, cameras ..), connection to devices/buses of intelligent houses (lights, windows, devices, etc..). The standard TCP/IP protocol communication is preferable.
Security and fire alarm centrals (e.g. Esser, Bosch, ...)
- current data - direct connection via communication interface (Ethernet, RS485 etc..) or OPC servers
- history - data access via database interfaces ...
Measurement and regulation systems – monitoring and parametrization of boiler rooms, exchange stations, HVAC units, ...
- communication with PLC devices of various brands (Simatic, SAIA, Mitsubishi, Unitronics, protocols Modbus, M-BUS, PmIEC8705 and and other)
Measurement of energy consumption: automated data reading from various energy meters: Kamstrup MULTICAL, Danfoss INFOCAL-5, ABB, Siemens, etc..
- communication by standard protocols Modbus, M-BUS, IEC 60870-5
- remote transmissions using GSM, radio networks, VPN, cloud systems, ...
Database connectivity
- data imports from attendance systems
- data exports into enterprise IS (source data for energy invoicing)
Connection to devices and buses in intelligent houses
- using communication buses DALI, KNX, BACnet etc.
System architecture
The most commonly used architecture of BMS systems is client-server:
Main BMS server - provides server services for the whole system:
- Communication server – reading data from subsystems in real time
- Data server - data archives in central database (e.g. MSSQL)
- Web server – generating data for visualization Web clients
Visualization Web clients in BMS
- uniform visualization of all technologies that are integrated in buildings, unified control system (time schedules, ...)
- monitoring of technology operation in the bulding indicating the localization of technological items in individual floors (energy meters, fire detectors and sensors, security systems, ...)
- ability to render progression of values and statuses of signals in time (trends)
- management of system alarms and events
- reports and data outputs: energy consumption reports, alarm reports, ...
- allows definition of multiple user types with varying rights and permissions:
1. reception – only monitoring, no parametrization access
2. energetics manager, technology manager, building manager, etc..
3. system administrator who is able to set system parameters
4. other (as requested by customer): tenants, etc..
Web clients advantages:
- independent on OS platform (Windows, Linux, ...) - any Web browser (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, InternetExplorer ..)
- easy system management - no need to install other system software components.
- easy BMS system extension by adding more Web clients
- Web client can be operated on any PC (or other device - smartphone, tablet, ...) connected to the Intranetu. Access to BMS data is protected by passwords and user permissions.
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NFPA72 is the National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, providing updated revisions based upon technological advancements and changes in demands of society. HRSS of Chicago develops a unique fire alarm systems design compliant to these and all other applicable codes and guidelines, as enforced in your municipality according to the local Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
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Fire Detection and Alarm System Design Components
Initiating Devices
A critical component of a fire detection and alarm system design is the placement of all initiating devices. Automatic sensors in fire systems today are smart and sophisticated, activated by smoke, gas or fire.
Proper placement of all sensors is vital to the effective performance of any fire and safety system. They can be placed in air ducts, with automatic fan shut off to prevent the spreading of smoke or gas.
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Voice activated notification is available through EVAC, Emergency Voice Alarm Communications, with high fidelity speakers located in areas where all occupants can hear. These voice activated systems can provide detailed audible direction on evacuation procedures, directing occupants to a safe meeting place.
Strobe lights are required in public areas which include hallways, restrooms, and lobbies. As detailed in the Accessibility Guidelines of the ADA (ADAAG), strobes lights are also required in communal areas such as classrooms and cafeterias, treatment and examination rooms and employee break rooms.
Additional Auxiliary Options
It is the code requirement to include Elevator Controls, which will direct an elevator to an alternate floor and prevent it from opening without impairing trained first responders to ascend to emergency floors for fire-fighting purposes.
Fire Alarm Detection System Design Experts
High Rise Security System, LLC is the trusted expert for safe and effective fire detection and alarm system designs, meeting all required fire regulation codes and exceeding our customers’ expectations. Contractors seeking the best in fire system designs for all new and existing structures know to call HRSS for our professional fire consulting services.
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High Rise Security Systems, LLC is a leading expert in designing and monitoring fire and safety systems compliant to all required regulations. We work closely with contractors to provide fire safety consulting services including permit approval. Contact us today for a proven safe and effective fire detection and alarm system design.
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