Useful Measures to Prevent Unauthorized Access

Useful Measures to Prevent Unauthorized Access 

Causes of Physical Security Breaches

Unauthorized access may be gained by an outsider as well as by an in-house employee. Both physical access to a building by a stranger or entry to a server room by a staff member with no permission are examples of unauthorized physical access. Although a security system may have various loopholes, most commonly unauthorized access is gained thanks to:

·        Tailgating – i.e. an act when unauthorized people follow through a door someone who has an access card

·        Weak doors that can be easily levered or broke in through

·        Smart cards which can be easily hacked

·        Lost or stolen keys

·        Portable devices such as laptops, mobile phones and USB drives

·        Unlocked server room doors

·        Insider threat, etc.

 

Any of the above mentioned loopholes create security gaps which can be taken advantage of. Because of an unauthorized access companies may be subjected to physical theft of devices and equipment, compromise of electronic information, identity theft and vandalism. What’s more, human lives can be endangered too. Therefore, it is important that a company addresses any of the existing loopholes and prevents possible threats.

How to Combat Unauthorized Access

First and foremost, you need to define how unauthorized access can occur at your company and develop a program aimed at eradicating any possible loopholes.

Different levels of security are crucial to prevent unauthorized access. Robust access control system, employee control and emergency response help prevent unsanctioned access to facilities, devices and information.

·        Begin with perimeter security. Make sure you use fences, gates, guards and video surveillance around the perimeter.

·        By installing motion detectors and alarm systems you can attain an additional level of security.

·        Implement identification cards to verify people entering the premises, including visitors, contractors and personnel.

·        Lock up areas with sensitive information. It is also advised to enforce delay control on server room doors. Check out our guide for server room requirements.

·        Conduct background check of employees before onboarding. "Onboarding" is the process of integrating a new employee into an organization, training and orienting them.

·        Make sure you have a new hire forms checklist thanks to which you can verify your new employee’s work eligibility.

·        Set up different access control levels. Each employee should be granted permission to enter facilities depending on their role within an organization.

·        Use cable locks for computers in order to prevent theft of electronic devices.

Desktop locks are aimed at protecting computer equipment from theft.

·        Lock up sensitive files or USB drives in safes or drawers.

·        Develop an emergency plan and train employees to troubleshoot possible security issues and inform of any suspicious behavior they notice.

It is important to remember that security starts at a physical level. By implementing measures aimed at preventing unauthorized access you can protect your assets, information and personnel from internal and external security threats which otherwise might have a detrimental impact on your business.

Sliding Gates vs Swinging Gates

Sliding Gates vs Swinging Gates 

Gates add value and security to your property. They’re also your main control for access to who goes in and out and serve as a point of entry to your home, business, and land.

The first electric gates were invented in 1881, and the benefits of the automated gates have also evolved, catering the needs of each generation of homeowners and business owners to increase the security and the convenience of opening and closing an entry point structure. Automatic gate systems use electric motors to open and close gates through the use of a transmitter.

When it comes to perimeter defences, the first thing that will likely jump to mind is the image of a security gate, and rightly so. Security gates are often the first line of defence for many businesses when it comes to keeping intruders away, establishing a strong perimeter, and sending out a message to criminals.

However, when planning defences for a site, or considering upgrading your existing measures, it’s important to think carefully about your needs and your site capabilities. Let’s take a look at two of the most popular options of gates and how they compare.

Swinging Gates

Swinging Gates are an excellent option for many businesses. As the name suggests they swing open and shut in a wide arc. Often priced cheaper than sliding gates, they typically don’t include motors or electronics. Swinging gates don’t require concrete work or steel beams, they are low maintenance and make little noise during operation. This means that they are well-suited to isolated or rural sites, or large expansive sites where access to the grid is more limited.

If considering swinging gates as a solution for your site, you should think carefully about the available space on your premises. Swinging gates need enough space to open internally and externally in a wide arc and so might not be suitable for some sites where space is at a premium. They might also be less suited if you have particular needs for high-tech upgrades such as access control equipment or other electronic support.

Sliding Gates

If you are looking for gates at a site where space is less readily available then sliding gates may be a more sensible solution. Rather than opening and closing in an arc, sliding gates slide in and out along a track or trackless cantilever system, which both employ less of a footprint.

Sliding gates are often seen in more commercially-led settings, entrances, and residential driveways. They can be employed on rough ground and even on sloping ground if required. They are a good choice if you operate in a setting that has high-wind speeds and other unpredictable weather factors.

Unlike swing gates, sliding gates can be upgraded with access control equipment such as electronic keys, cards, fingerprint biometric readers and intercoms. These additions will always make a site more secure, however, they do come with added costs.

Confuse as to what type of gate to choose? You might wanna consider these insights.

The main advantages of sliding gates are:
• They aren’t affected by wind
• They don’t take up space on your driveway when opening and closing
• The gate can slide from the left or the right, depending on where you have space
• If you don’t have the space required, there are other types of sliding gates, such as telescopic sliding gates or bi-parting sliding gates, that take up less space.

The advantages of double swing gates:
• A double swing gate takes up less area when in operation
• They are less affected by wind
• As the weight is distributed between two gates, there is less stress on the swing gate motor, posts, and hinges.

The advantages of single swing gates:
• There are only one gate and one set of hardware to automate it, so you’re up for less installation and maintenance (assuming you purchase quality parts, as the load on all parts will be greater).

General swing gate fitting information:

• With swing gates, there are two options as to where to install the hinge. You can install the swing gate opener on the sides of your posts parallel to each other facing inwards, or on the side that faces into your property. If you do the latter, the fixings are hidden by the posts and the swing gates take up less space. 
• If your driveway slopes up from the road and there’s no room for a sliding gate, you can install a swing gate that opens outward. Just make sure it doesn’t interfere with public spaces.

Get in touch

Arranging effective perimeter security is not something that you should go at alone. No matter the size or nature of your business, we can provide you with a free, no-obligation quotation and feasibility survey to assess the security requirements of your organisation. For more information on any of the security options above, or for further advice on how to protect your business premises from criminals, please contact us here or Email us on ssaintegrate@gmail.com

Security Integration management systems

Security Integration Management Systems 

Security systems are changing at an ever-increasing pace and are becoming standard Information Technology (IT) products running over a Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN). As a result of using standard protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), the manufacturers to develop new generations of integrated systems. These systems are called System Integration as they bring together the management of all aspects of an organisation’s security. In recent years, the market for security equipment has realized the immense merits of integrating different components in a security system. However, true integration may be offered by all the manufacturers in the field today. A truly integrated security system combines the various components and yet they are all part of a more sophisticated and bigger system.

Some people use the term 'integrated' to describe a multiplexer combining full screen and multi screen images. Or a control desk containing an integrated intruder alarm PC, an integrated fence alarm PC and an integrated CCTV PC sitting next to one another. This is not true integration.

It is possible to integrate components like a public address system, CCTV, fence alarms, intruder alarms, fire alarms (life safety) and access control system within a single system. The system can be multi-station networks or even a single PC. All these components should interact with one another as a single entity. For example, whenever the fire alarm gets activated, the screen of the Visual Display Unit should pop up a new text window where detailed instruction should be given on what to do next. Simultaneously, the integrated system may release the doors meant for fire exit and display those CCTV cameras, through which the operator can view the affected area so that the operator in question can engage in a communication with the other staff and do not have to take the help of any public address system.

It is not always necessary to purchase all of the components of a system from one supplier. Manufacturers of Security Management Systems realise that the customer wants choice and will often link to components from other specialist manufacturers. Many manufacturers provide integration modules and protocols such as BACnet and OPC, and data integration methodologies such as eXtensible Markup Language (XML), ActiveX and others, which can in theory link to almost any business system. You will need to talk to individual suppliers to discover what development tools such as Software Development Kits (SDK) and Application Programming Interfaces (API) are available for integrating systems. Yes, the system should be able to function with the help of a battery backup though the duration of this backup time may vary according to the type of panels used within it. In my experience this has not been an issue, but some manufacturers are very cautious to whom they release this information. If you are a competitor it is almost impossible.

Even when protocol has been received 90% of the time it is either incorrect, incomplete or even misleading! It is essential to test product before installation, I know it is an old fashioned idea but it is really nice to see the system actually working.

Opportunities of System integration

There are a number of advantages to be gained in both the security and commercial aspects of designing and adopting an integrated system. This section lists some of the advantages that may be considered when combining separate systems into an integrated solution.

Access Control Systems (ACS)

Access Control is typically specified to provide protection to both property and employees. Generally it is thought of in terms of managing doors. However, it often extends to public areas when coupled with turnstiles, gates and barriers, or highly sensitive areas when coupled with biometrics.  If the access control and intruder alarm systems are linked together, the access control system can be programmed to automatically change, based on the type of alarm that sounds. By integrating Access Control with other systems many advantages may be realized. For example:

• Fire Alarm mustering – know where your employees are at a given time.

• Know which doors / areas employees are entering, or trying to enter.

• Link CCTV images with access control events.

• Link Time & Attendance monitoring using the same badge / token software.

• Link Visitor Monitoring with Access Control & CCTV using badge / token software.

• Increase security through systems such as dual card access or access using a biometric technology.

• Intruder & Hold up alarm system control functions can be managed by the Access Control system.

Logical Security

Logical access control is the brother of physical access control but is often limited to secure PC logon. Integrating these two elements can significantly increase your security. For instance, you can restrict PC access to only those who have a smart card and use this to logon to your IT network. Alternatively, you can inhibit network logon if the person is not in the building, further enhancing your security.

One example is to use the CCTV system and access system to monitor and lock doors during a denial of service (DOS) attack at the same time as sending a message to the security guards. Quite often physical and logical attacks go hand in hand.

Time & Attendance (TA) monitoring

The same badge/token used to identify a person in Access Control can register them on and off work with Time & Attendance monitoring. Also as more integrated software systems become available, use of the same software to handle Access Control, Time & Attendance and Visitor Monitoring can be achieved. Remember however, that just because a person went through an Access Control door does not mean they are registered for work, especially under Working Time Directive (WTD) rules. You will need separate T&A clocking stations, albeit on the same network, to monitor working hours and software to calculate employee hours, monitor absences and WTD hours and infringements.

Human Resources (HR) / Payroll

Why enter data twice? When a new employee joins a company his personnel details are often entered into both the appropriate HR system and then again into the security system. By integrating these two systems, a subset of the employee data can automatically be transferred into the Access Control System when an employee joins. Alternatively, when an employee leaves, his rights can be automatically deleted from the Access Control System, again reducing effort and increasing security.

CCTV Systems

By integrating CCTV and other systems such as Access Control, the benefits of more than one system can be coupled to provide a more efficient and usable solution for the end user. IP camera can be integrated with Motion Sensor not only that If IP camera has I/O port you can integrate with other systems like, Hooter, Auto dialer etc. Through Video management intelligent Software you can get face reorganization, license plate reorganization etc.  For example:

• Live camera views can be integrated with the Access Control Software, equally Access Control or other data can be integrated with the CCTV system.

• Access Control and other security detection systems can initiate pre and post-event video recording, linking the video recording with the event information. This makes searching for events on the DVR/NVR more effective as only the event needs to be searched, for example ‘Door forced – Stores Door’ or ‘Zone 1 – Perimeter breached.’

• Track individuals and record their access details against the recording to track suspect users or stolen card users.

• Initiate camera presets when specific pre-determined events occur, e.g. when entering a room in a bank, switch the camera to zoom into the door to identify the individual.

• Use CCTV with Time & Attendance system to detect / eradicate ‘buddy-clocking’, a practice where employees clock each other on and off work.

Intruder Alarms Systems (IAS)

By integrating intruder with other systems, the benefits of more than one system can be coupled to provide a more efficient and usable solution for the end user. For example:

• Set / unset the intruder system using an access reader. No need to use the intruder keypad.

• No entry delay time if main door forced. The entry timer is bypassed thus providing an instant alarm.

• Disabling of access readers when the intruder system is in the armed state, to prevent false alarms due to unauthorised entry into an armed area.

• Using an occupancy count from another system, the Intruder & Hold Up Alarm system can be notified that there may be persons present in the building when the system is being set.

External Perimeter Detection

One of the fundamental objectives of a security system is to provide protection at the outermost perimeter of a property. A perimeter intruder detection system can be used, linked with CCTV to provide early warnings and increased security through verification in the event of a breach. For example, external doors could be automatically locked if the perimeter system detects an abnormal event.

Fire Detection & Alarm Systems

Fire protection / Detection systems have traditionally been isolated from other building management and security systems. By integrating fire with other systems, the benefits of more than one system can be coupled to provide a more efficient and usable solution for the end user. For example:

• In the event of a fire all emergency exit doors on the fire escape route need to be automatically released from an electrical point of view, but physical quick release locks may be in place to maintain security and still allow people to escape. It is common practice to install a relay in series with the electric locking mechanism controlled by the fire panel. An alternative is to feed a fire input into the Access Control System, which then automatically releases the appropriate electric locking mechanisms. The proposed link between the Access Control System and the fire system should be evaluated as part of the fire risk assessment.

• In addition to providing hardware control during a fire situation, it may be necessary to provide a ‘roll call’ or ‘muster’ report to list all people in the building at the time of the fire alarm.

PA system (PAS)

In general IP paging and intercom systems are used to direct people in emergencies, control doors and control other situations such as crowd control. However, integrating such systems with others leaves the door open to new uses and can push a technology to its full potential. For example, integrating a campus’ PA system with security systems such as video surveillance could give campus security operators more control over emergency communication. Paging can be integrated with IP camera systems. Small amplifiers are used to power speakers that can be used with the cameras.

It is also important that the video management software (VMS) supports the audio. Some VMS will provide an alert if they detect a button activation from the IP camera. The VMS then allows the security person to see what is happening and then talk to the person near the IP camera.

The Digital Acoustic intercom system is independent of the VMS and uses its own Windows paging software. In this case, the security person can receive an alert from an intercom and be notified on their Windows computer. The software also allows the security person to view a nearby IP camera. This is not quite as integrated as the first method, but can provide additional security.

PA Controller should be integrate with Fire Detection system, in case of fire PA system automatic start announcement to evac said area.

Visitor Management Systems (VMS)

For many companies and organizations, a manual paper-based VMS will suffice, providing visual identity of visitors. However, computerized systems linked to Access Control and Time & Attendance systems are the natural bedfellows for integrated security systems. These not only print ID passes, but can also incorporate biometric identification and the scanning of visitor/contractor documentation, licenses, certificates and insurance certificates.

Lift Control

By integrating lift control with the access control system, access to certain floors in a building may be

Restricted, particularly outside normal working hours or in multi-tenanted buildings. To monitor of lift you can fix CCTV Camera which is integrate with Access Control.

Car Park Management (CPM)

Where access to a car park is restricted, the ISMS can automatically monitor the number of spaces left for each tenant or department and regulate access accordingly. For example:

• Visually through CCTV.

• Audibly through an intercom system.

• Automatic number plate recognition.

• Access Control tokens.

Guard Tour System (GTS)

By using a guard tour package that integrates with the access door readers can be used to define and monitor a tour by a specific guard, providing a real time indication if the guard does not reach a set point in time (or even if he arrives too early) – equally integration with the CCTV system can provide visual verification of the guard’s location and wellbeing. Many Time & Attendance systems incorporate Guard tour functions as part of their software package.

Building Management Systems (BMS)

Building management systems are responsible for monitoring and controlling the environment of a building, for example lighting control, heating and ventilation (HVAC). In the current climate of energy saving, why leave lights on when an area is unoccupied? By integrating Access Control Systems with BMS systems, the lighting can be automatically controlled by recording when people access an area. The system can also be configured to control the heating by reducing the room temperature when no one is present rather than leaving it on all day and off at night.

Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS)

The logic of integrating security systems together is evident, however if information from systems such as EPOS can be interfaced then a powerful security solution for applications in the retail market and casinos can be deployed.

Data sent from an EPOS system can be overlaid on a live video display, allowing operators to view the camera feed and till transaction simultaneously. The transaction information and alarms enerated by the EPOS system can be bookmarked and recorded alongside the video. This facilitates visual identification of an incident in both real time and through post-event analysis. Powerful transaction analysis can be undertaken on the stored data, for example, finding out when a particular credit card was used by searching every till in a store or across all stores from the head office.

Conversely, recorded video can be searched using a thumbnail feature, which displays a video still image for every transaction, allowing the operator to quickly identify the relevant footage. Evidential quality video clips and associated transaction data can be exported for investigation or use in court.

Alarms generated by the EPOS system, such as ‘register drawer left open’, ‘refund’, or ‘large dollar amount’ can automatically trigger a number of events, including displaying the nearest camera to the specific till and pinpointing the alarm on an interactive map.

Access Control Commissioning Checklist

Access Control Commissioning Checklist 

All customers are not knowledgeable to understand Access control system. When we are getting order it’s our responsibility to commissioned in proper way. In India maximum system integrator do not follow their own check list and as a result after few month call logging is started. Some call forward to OEM and System Integrator with customer’s blame on products are not good. But no one drilldown about commissioning report. Ultimately system integrator don’t know commissioning also a part of BOQ, yes they put importance only installation. I hope this checklist helps end users, integrators and consultants verify that access control installation and commissioning is complete. Take print edit as per your projects and fill all point. After that attached this with handover documents.

It covers the following sections:

• Door Hardware Checks
• Reader Checks
• Controller Checks
• Fire Alarm Loop Confirmation
• Backup Power Compliance
• RTE and 'Free Egress' Confirmation
• Door Timing Checks
• Turnstiles or Gate/Door Operator Checks
• Credential Enrolment
• Credential Issuance
• Database Migration
• Management Software User Creation
• Access Levels and Schedules
• Access Event Notifications
• Door Held Open / Forced Open Troubleshooting
• Anti-Passback Troubleshooting
• Mapping and Custom Reporting Creation
• Viewing Clients Installation 
• Integration with VMS and Other Systems
• Workstation Setup
• Network Setup
• Cable Verification

We recommend each person using this customize the list for their own needs / situations. There is no 'one size fits all' checklist but this list is meant to serve as a starting point to make it easier and quicker to build your own.

Door Locks and Hardware

This section covers commissioning of doors and opening locks, strikes, or other electro-mechanical hardware, including mounting and physical considerations.

Physical Operation, For every controlled opening:

• Check all lock / hardware fasteners or mounts are secure and without play, slack, or gaps exceeding tolerances on installation instructions.
• Ensure operation of lock is free of binding, grinding, or interference for door or frame features or other components.
• Close and open door, or operate several cycles, the opening to ensure that no binding or warping is affecting operation. 
• If Exit Devices are used, confirm appropriate 'Push to Exit' signage is displayed.
• If Door Closers or Operators are used, confirm electronic access devices do not interfere with operation.
• Confirm secure installation and function of Door Position Switches/ Contacts/ DPS.
• Weatherproof and lightly apply grease per specification to mechanical hardware like hinges
• Ensure any cabling or system wiring is hidden, tucked behind raceway or frames, and is not being pinched or cut by features like hinges.
• Confirm that accessibility clearances are satisfied and any additional access control devices comply with codes.
• If standalone, battery powered locks are used, confirm remaining battery life is strong and document commission date of batteries for future reference.

Door Controller Install Checks

• Confirm that all terminated wiring at controller is secured and terminated without short for each device.
• If kept in a metal enclosure, ensure panel tamper contacts and panel locks are used.  Gather panel keys for central, secure management.
• If controllers are located at the door, confirm they are installed on the secure/locked side of the opening and located behind a tamper-resistant or semi-obscured location, such as above tiles at the door.
• For wireless locks, confirm that all hubs or repeaters are clearly labeled as companions to the separate system readers or controllers.

Free Egress and Fire Alarm Loop Check

• Confirm that upon fire alarm activation, all door maglocks release and are not powered.
• Confirm that upon fire alarm activation, all emergency exit doors and openings can be freely opened and are not locked for any reason.
• Confirm that during normal operating conditions, all 'Request To Exit' devices are located in code compliant arrangements and function properly.
• Check that any delayed egress openings have specifically been approved by the AHJ, and delays do not exceed 15 seconds, unless specifically excepted by AHJ.
• Confirm that all Pushbutton style RTE switches are properly labeled and displayed per local code requirements, and directly interrupt power to locks and not controller, unless specifically excepted by AHJ.

Credential Reader Checks

• Confirm that reader device is securely anchored without gaps to the wall, frame, post, or bollard.  Seal or install trim guards where needed.
• Confirm 'normal operation' status lights are displayed per intended behavior. (On/Off/Red/Green/Blue, etc.)
• Confirm audible beep or siren registers when credential is read.
• Check that reader tamper device is connected and configured.
• If contactless type reader, present test card to confirm read range meets spec.  
• If biometric type reader, confirm unit positioning will not be interfered with by environmental features (ie: sun movement, HVAC downdrafts, etc)
• Confirm that accessibility clearances are satisfied and any additional access control devices comply with codes.

Credential Enrolment

• Confirm that the only credentials to be immediately carried/used by cardholders are activated, and no batched activation of unissued/ stored credentials is done.
• Check that each user issued a credential is accurately classified and identified in the access control software.  Include Picture ID images if possible.
• If credentials are being renewed or exchanged, confirm physical possession, disposal, and deactivation of old credential in system.
• If biometric credentials are enrolled, confirm multiple digits or templates are enrolled.
• If multi-factor credentials are issued, confirm that all factors are recorded, active, and valid in the system.

Access Management Software Servers

This section covers commissioning of Management Software servers and appliances, including both hardware/network setup as well as OS and software. Some of these items may not be used depending on OS and access platform. For example, appliances typically do not require OS updates. OEM to OEM process are slight different.

Access Management Software Configuration

• Configure Unlock, Extended unlock, Door Hold Open, and Relock event periods, as appropriate.
• Configure user access schedules (e.g., 24/7, 8am-5pm, off-hours, holidays, etc.)
• Configure user access levels (e.g., Managers, Workers, Visitors, Temporaries, etc.)
• Confirm Polling Interval, or settings update push duration as prompt and as close to real-time to be accurate as recorded in system.
• Configure any Maps or floorplans used to display and manage system control points.
• Confirm successful integration and configuration of features like 'Video Verification', or integration with video surveillance, intrusion, fire alarm, and intercom systems.
• Configure alarm or event notifications (email, text, etc.)
• Download and retain copies of all door/controller configurations
• Confirm any imported databases are clean and without problems if populating access management system.
• For 'Anti-Passback' rules, ensure that users will not unwittingly or inadvertently cause alarms if they use atypical or uncontrolled openings.

Hardware/Security

• Document MAC address(es) (often more than one if using multiple network cards), or if hosted/cloud access is used, document hostnames of all remote servers.
• Assign and document IP address(es) of every networked device, endpoint, or server.
• Apply latest OS updates (unless not recommended by manufacturer);
• Create secure admin password
• Create additional users as specified
• Test UPS operation and runtime (if supplied);

Network/Security Settings

• Document Controller and other ethernet-based devices MAC address;
• Assign and document Controller and other ethernet-based device IP address
• Update firmware to latest version (or manufacturer recommended/tested if different)
• Change Controller admin password from default
• Create multiple users if required (by specification or manufacturer recommendation)
• Set NTP server and verify time and date;
• Disable unused services/close unused ports (FTP, telnet, SSH, etc.);

General Server Settings

• Confirm any requisite services or policies are free to operate and will restore automatically after reboot events.
• Change access management admin password from default
• Create operator/user logins
• If LDAP or Active Directory is used, confirm valid implementation and provisioning of service.
• Confirm and document any external database connections or dependencies by the access software.

Workstations

This list involves client workstations, including hardware, OS, and access client setup and commissioning. Some of these steps may be omitted if appliances are used. OEM to OEM process are slight different.

• Document MAC address(es) of each workstation
• Assign and document IP address(es)
• Apply latest OS updates (unless not recommended by manufacturer)
• Create secure admin password
• Create additional users as specified
• If dongles or hardware keys are required for client access, document location of key on workstation (e.g., Port Location, Key Serial Number)

Network

This section outlines commissioning of network hardware, including switches, routers, firewalls, etc. Some of these devices may not be used in all systems, or managed by the installing integrator.

• Document MAC address(es) of each device
• Assign IP address and document
• Update switch/firewall/router firmware to latest version
• Change admin password from default
• Configure VLAN(s) as required; 
• Configure QoS as required;
• Disable unused switch ports as specified
• Configure SNMP monitoring if required;
• Configure MAC filtering if required
• Download and retain configuration for each switch
• Test UPS operation and runtime for each endpoint, if supplied

Cabling

This section covers commissioning of the access control cabling system, including labeling, supports, aesthetic concerns, and testing. OEM to OEM process are slight different.

• Label all cables, patch panels, wall outlets, etc., as specified
• Ensure cables are secured to supports (J-hooks, ceiling truss, etc.)
• Conceal cables where possible/required
• Leave properly coiled and dressed service loops at Controller or Switch location and head end as required;
• Test all terminations and document results as specified
• Document cable test results as specified (if certification is required)

 If need any expert comment on your projects we can help you free of cost over voice or text.