Showing posts with label PM Service. Show all posts
Showing posts with label PM Service. Show all posts

Monday, July 20, 2015

Design of CCTV System

CCTV system design
Designing a CCTV system is a complex task, requiring at least basic knowledge of all the stages in a system, as well as its components. But more importantly, prior to designing the system, we need to know what the customer expects from it.

Understanding the customer’s requirements
The first and most important preparation before commencing the design is to know and understand the customer’s requirements. Customers can be technically oriented people, and many understand CCTV as well as you do, but most often they are not aware of the latest technical developments and capabilities of each component.
The most important thing to understand is the general concept of the surveillance the customer wants, Constant monitoring of cameras and activities undertaken by 24-hour security personnel, or perhaps just an unattended operation (usually with constant recording), or maybe a mixture of the two. Once you understand their general requirements, it might be a good idea to explain to them what is achievable with the equipment you would be suggesting. This is reasonably easy to accomplish with smaller and simpler systems, but once they grow to a size of more than 10 cameras some of which could be PTZs, a few monitors, more than one control point, a number of alarms, VCRs, and the like, things will get tougher.

Many unknown variables need to be considered: What happens if a number of alarms go off simultaneously? Which monitor should display the alarms? Will the alarms be recorded if the DVR/VCR(s) is/are playing back? What is the level of priority for each operator? And so on.

Those are the variables that define the system complexity and as in mathematics, in order to solve a system with more variables, one needs to know more parameters. They can be specified by the customer, but only after the customer has understood the technical capabilities of the equipment.

Understandably, it is imperative for you, as a CCTV expert, to know the components, hardware, and software you would be offering and to achieve what is required in the best possible way. You can create a favorable impression in the customer’s mind if at the end you give him or her as much as, or even more than, what you have promised. You will prove unsatisfactory if you do not. Remember that if the customer is fully satisfied the first time, chances are he or she will come back to do business with you again. To put it simply: Do not claim the system will do this and that if you are not certain; make sure your system delivers what you say it will.

So, to design a good, functional system, one has to know the components used, their benefits and limitations, how they interconnect, and how the customer wants them to be used. The first few parts are assumed to be fulfilled, since you would not be doing that job unless you knew a few things about CCTV. The last one – what the customer wants – can be determined during the first phone call or meeting.

Usually, the next step is to conduct a site inspection. Here is a short list of questions you should ask your customer prior to designing the system and before or during the site inspection:

• What is the main purpose of the CCTV system?
If it is a deterrent, you need to plan for cameras and monitors that will be displayed to the public.
If it is a concealed surveillance, you will need to pay special attention to the camera type and size, its protection, concealed cabling, and the like, as well as when it is supposed to be installed (after hours perhaps).

• Who will be the operator(s) ?
If a dedicated 24 hour guard is going to use the system, the alarm response needs to be different from that expected when unattended, or a partially attended, system operation.

• Will it be a monochrome or color system ?
The answer to this question will dictate the price, as well as the minimum illumination response.
Consequently, the lighting in the area needs to be looked at. A color picture will give more details about the observed events, but if the intention is to see images in very low light levels, or with infrared lights, there is no other alternative but B/W cameras (unless the customer is prepared to pay for some of the new cameras available on the market that switch between color and monochrome operation).
The price of a color system is dictated not only by the cameras, but also by the monitors, multiplexers, and/or quads (if any). Needless to say, sequential or matrix switchers, as well as time-lapse VCRs, are the same for both B/W and color.

• How many cameras are to be used ?
A small system with up to half a dozen cameras can be easily handled by a switcher or multiplexer, but bigger systems usually need a matrix switcher or a larger number of switchers and multiplexers.

• How many of the cameras will be fixed focal length and how many PTZ ?
There is a big difference in price between the two because if a PTZ camera is used instead of a fixed one, the extra cost is in the zoom lens (as opposed to the fixed one), the pan and tilt head or dome, the site driver, and the control keyboard to control it. But the advantages your customer will get having a PTZ camera will be quadrupled. If on top of this, preset positioning PTZ cameras are used, the system flexibility and efficiency will be too great to be compared with the fixed camera system. A system with only one PTZ camera and half a dozen fixed ones is a choice that may require a matrix switcher for control and will increase the price dramatically (compared to a system with only fixed cameras). Alternatively, single PTZ camera control can be achieved via a special single-camera digital or hard-wired controller, but they would also increase the price considerably. So, if a PTZ camera is required, it would be more economical to have more than one PTZ camera.

• How many monitors and control keyboards are required?
If it is a small system, one monitor and keyboard is the logical proposal, but once you get more operators and/or channels to control and view simultaneously, it becomes harder to plan a practical and efficient system. Then, an inspection of the control room is necessary in order to plan the equipment layout and interconnection.

• Will the system be used for live monitoring (which will require an instant response to alarms), or perhaps recording of the signals for later review and verification ?
This question will define whether you need to use DVR/VCR(s) with multiplexer(s). If you have a matrix switcher, you will still need a multiplexer or two in addition. Have in mind that the time lapse mode you are going to use depends on how often the tapes can be changed, and this defines the update rate of each camera recorded. Choose, whenever possible, a pair of 9-way (or 8-way) multiplexers instead of one 16-way, if you want to minimize the time delay in the recording rate update.

• What transmission media can be used on the premises ?
Usually, a coaxial cable is taken as an unwritten rule and installation should be planned accordingly. Sometimes, however, there is no choice but to use a wireless microwave or even a fiber optics transmission, which will add considerably to the total price. If the premises are subject to regular
lightning activity, you had better propose fiber optics from the beginning and explain to the customer the savings in the long run. So, you have to find out more about the environment in which the system is going, what is physically possible and what is not, and then plan an adequate video and data transmission media.

• Lastly and probably the most important thing to find out, if possible, is what sort of budget is planned for such a CCTV system?
This question will define and clarify some of the previous queries and will force you to narrow down either the type of equipment, the number of cameras, or how the system is expected to work. Although this is one of the most important factors, it should not force you to downgrade the system to something that you know will not operate satisfactorily.
If the budget cannot allow for the desired system, it is still good to go back to the customer with a system proposal that you are convinced will work as per his or her requirements (even if it is over budget) and another one designed within the budget with as many features as the budget will allow for. This will usually force you to narrow down the number of cameras, or change some from PTZ to fixed. The strongest argument you should put forward when suggesting your design is that a CCTV system should be a secure one, which can only be the case if it is done properly. Thus, by having a well-designed system, bigger savings will be made in the long run.

By presenting a fair and detailed explanation of how you think the system should work, the customer will usually accept the proposal.

Site inspections
After the initial conversation with the customer and assuming you have a reasonably good idea of what is desired, you have to make a site inspection where you would usually collect the following information:
• Cameras: type (i.e., B/W or color, fixed or PTZ, Resolution, etc.).
• Lenses: angles of view, zoom magnification ratio for zoom lenses (12.5–75 mm, 8–80 mm, etc.).
• Camera protection: housing type (standard, weatherproof, dome, discrete, etc.) mounting.
• Light: levels, light sources in use (especially when color cameras are to be used), east/west viewing direction. Visualize the sun’s position during various days of the year, both summer and winter. This will be very important for overall picture quality.
• Video receiving equipment: location, control room area, physical space, and the console.
• Monitors: Resolution, size, position, mounting, and the like.
• Power supply: type, size (always consider more amperes than what are required). Is there a need for an uninterruptable power supply (UPS)? (VA rating in that case).
• If pan/tilt heads are to be used: type, size, load rating, control (two wire – digital or multi-core). Is there a need for preset positioning (highly recommended for bigger systems)? Where are they going to be mounted? What type of brackets ?
• Make a rough sketch of the area, with the approximate initial suggestions for the camera positions. Take into account, as much as possible, the installer’s point of view. A small change in the camera’s position, which will not affect the camera’s customer. An unwritten golden rule for a good picture is to try and keep the camera from directly facing light.
• Put down the reference names of areas where the customer wants (or where you have suggested) the cameras to be installed. Also write down the reference names of areas to be monitored because you will need them in your documentation as reference points. Be alert for obvious “no-nos” (in respect to installation), even if the customer wishes something to be done. Sometimes small changes may result in high installation costs or technical difficulties that would be impossible to solve. It is always easier to deter the customer from making changes by explaining why in the initial stage, rather than having to do so later in the course of installation, when additional costs will be unavoidable.
To know more just read Condensed Code BS EN 62676-4 and BS EN 50132-7, BS EN 62676-4 Clause 4.4 & BS EN 62676-4 Clause 4.5.

Designing and quoting a CCTV system
With all of the above information, as well as the product knowledge (which needs constant updating), you need to sit down and think.

Designing a system, like designing anything new, is a form of art. As is true of many artists, your work may not be rewarded immediately, or it may not be accepted for some reason. But think positively and concentrate as if that is to be the best system you can propose. With a little bit of luck you may make it the best, and tomorrow you can proudly show it to your colleagues and customers. Different people will use different methods when designing a system. There is, however, an easy and logical beginning.

Always start with a hand drawing of what you think the system should feature. Draw the monitors, cameras, housings, interconnecting cables, power supplies, and so on. While drawing you will see the physical interconnection and component requirements. Then you will not omit any of the little things
that can sometimes be forgotten, such as camera brackets, types of cable used, and cable length. Making even a rough hand sketch will bring you to some corrections, improvements, or perhaps further inquiries to the customer. You may, for example, have forgotten to check what the maximum distance for the PTZ control is, or how far the operators are to be from the central video processing equipment, power cable distances, voltage drops, and so on.

Once you have made the final hand drawing, you will know what equipment is required, and it is at this point that you can make a listing of the proposed equipment. Then, perhaps, you will come to
the stage of matching camera/lens combinations. Make sure that they will fit in the housings or domes you intend to use. This is another chance to glance through the supplier’s specifications booklet. Do not forget to take into account some trivial things that may make installation difficult, like the coaxial cable space behind the camera (remember, it is always good to have at least 50 mm for BNC terminations), the focusing movement of a zoom lens (as mentioned earlier in the chapter on zoom lenses, in a lot of zoom lenses focusing near makes the front optical element protrude for an additional couple of millimeters), and so on.


The next stage is pricing the equipment – costs, sales tax and duty, installation costs, profit margins and the most important of all (especially for the customer) the total price.

Do not forget to include commissioning costs in there, although a lot of people break that up and show the commissioning figure separately. This is more of a practical matter, since the commissioning cost may vary considerably and it could take longer or shorter than planned. General practical experience shows that it will always take at least three times longer than planned. Also, in the commissioning fees, time should be allocated for the CCTV operator’s training.

After this step has been completed, you need to make a final and more accurate drawing of the system you are proposing. This can be hand drawn, but most CCTV designers these days use computers and CAD programs. It is easier and quicker (once you get used to it), and it looks better.
Also, the hand-calculated price needs to be written in a quotation form, with a basic explanation of how the system will work and what it will achieve. It is important for this to be written in a concise and simple, yet precise form, because quotations and proposals (besides being read by security managers and technical people) are also read by nontechnical people such as purchasing officers and accountants.

Often, spreadsheet programs are used for the purpose of precise calculation, and this is another chance to double-check the equipment listing with your drawing and make sure nothing has been left out. As with any quotation, it is more professional to have a set of brochures enclosed for the components you are proposing.

In the quotation, you should not forget to include your company’s terms and conditions of sale which will protect your legal position.

If the quotation is a response to a tender invitation, you will most likely need to submit a statement of compliance.

This is where you confirm whether your equipment complies or does not comply with the tender requirements. This is where you also have to highlight eventual extra benefits and features your equipment offers. In the tender, you may also be asked to commit yourself to the progress of the work and supply work insurance cover, in which case you will need a little bit of help from your accountant and/or legal advisor.


Many specialized companies only design and supply CCTV equipment, in which case you will need to get a quote from a specialized installer, who, understandably, will need to inspect the site. It is a good practice, at the end, to have all the text, drawings, and brochures bound in a single document, in a few copies, so as to be practical and efficient for reviewing and discussions.

Installation considerations
If you are a CCTV system designer, you do not have to worry about how certain cables will be pulled through a ceiling, raisers, or camera pole mounting; that is the installer’s job. But it would be very helpful and will save a lot of money, if you have some knowledge in that area. If nothing else, it is a good practice, before you prepare the final quotation, to take your preferred installer on site, so that you can take into account his or her comments and suggestions of how the practical installation should be carried out.

First, the most important thing to consider is the type of cable to be used for video, power, and data transmission, their distances and protection from mechanical damage, electromagnetic radiation, ultraviolet protection, rain, salty air, and the like. For this purpose it is handy to know the surrounding area, especially if you have powerful electrical machinery next door, which consumes a lot of current and could possibly affect the video and control signals. Powerful electric motors that start and stop often may produce a very strong electromagnetic field and may even affect the phase stability of the mains. This in turn will affect the camera synchronization (if line-locked cameras are used) as well as the monitor’s picture display.

For example, there might be a radio antenna installed in the vicinity, whose radiation harmonics may influence the highfrequency signals your CCTV system uses.
Mounting considerations are also important at both the camera and monitor end. If poles are to be installed, not only the height, but also the elasticity of the poles is important. Steel poles, for example, are much more elastic than concrete poles. If a PTZ camera is installed, the zoom lens magnification factor will also magnify the pole’s movement which could result from wind, or vibrations from the pan/tilt head movement itself. This magnification factor is the same as the optical magnification (i.e., a zoom lens, when fully zoomed in, may magnify a 1mm movement of the camera due to wind to a 1 m variation at the object plane).
The shape of the pole is also very important
– hexagonal poles are less elastic than round ones of the same height and diameter.
The same logic applies to camera and pan/tilt head mounting brackets. A very cheap bracket of a bad design can cause an unstable and oscillating picture from even the best camera.
If the system needs to be installed in a prestigious hotel or shopping center, the aesthetics are an additional factor to determine the type of brackets and mounting. It is especially important then not to have any cables hanging.

The monitoring end demands attention to all aspects. It needs to be durable (people will be working with the equipment day and night), or aesthetical (it should look good) and practical (easy to see pictures, without getting tired of too much noise and flashing screens).
Since all of the cables used in a system wind up at the monitoring end and in most cases this is the same room where the equipment is located, special attention needs to be paid to cable arrangement and protection.

Often, cables lying around on the floor for a few days (during the installation) are subject to people walking on them, which is enough weight to damage the cable characteristics, especially the coaxial cable impedance. Remember, the impedance depends on the physical relation between the center core, the insulation, and the shield. If a bigger system is in question, it is always a better idea to propose a raised floor, where all the cables are installed freely below the raised floor.
Sometimes, if a raised floor is not possible, many cables can be run over a false ceiling. In such cases special care should be taken to secure the cables as they could become very heavy when bundled together.

Larger installations may want a patch panel for the video signals.
This is usually housed in a 19'' rack cabinet, and its purpose is to break the cables with special coax link connectors so as to be able to reroute them in case of a problem or testing.
Many installers fail to get into the habit of marking the cables properly. Most of them would know all of the cables at the time of installation, but two days later they can easily forget them. Cable marking is especially critical with larger and more complex systems. Insist on proper and permanent cable markings as per your drawings. There are plenty of special cable-marking systems on the market. In addition, listing of all the numbers used on the cables should be prepared and added to the system drawings.

Remember, good installers differ from bad ones in the way they terminate, run, arrange, and mark the cables, as well as how they document their work.

Drawings
There is no standard for drawing CCTV system block diagrams, as there is in electronics or architecture. Any clear drawing should be acceptable as long as you have clearly shown the equipment used (i.e., cameras, monitors, VCRs) and their interconnection.
Many people use technical drawing aids, such as CAD programs, or other PC or Mac-based drawing packages. Depending on the system size, it might be necessary to have two different types of drawings: one of a CCTV block diagram showing the CCTV components’ interconnection and cabling requirements, while the other could be a site layout with the camera positions and coverage area. In smaller installations, just a block diagram may be sufficient.
The CCTV block diagram needs to show the system in its completeness, how the components are interconnected, which part goes where, what type of cable is used, and where it is used.
If the site layout drawing is well prepared, it can later be used as a reference by the installer, as well as by your customer and yourself when reviewing camera locations, reference names, and discussing eventual changes.
When the CCTV system is installed and the job is finished, drawings may need small alterations, depending on the changes made during the installation. After the installation, the drawings are usually enclosed with the final documentation, which should also include manuals, brochures, and other relevant documentation.


Commissioning
Commissioning is the last and most important procedure in a CCTV system design before handing it over to the customer. It involves great knowledge and understanding of both the customer’s requirements and the system’s possibilities. Quite often, CCTV equipment programming and setup are also part of this. It includes video matrix switcher programming, time-lapse VCR programming, camera setup, and so on.
Commissioning is usually conducted in close cooperation with the customer’s system manager and/or operator(s), since a lot of settings and details are made to suit their work environment.
The following is a typical list of what is usually checked when commissioning:
All wiring is correctly terminated.
Supply voltage is correct to all appropriate parts of the system.
Camera type and lens fitted are correct for each position.
Operation of auto irises under various light levels is satisfactory.
If VCRs are fitted, they should be recording in the most efficient time-lapse mode (especially when multiplexed cameras are being recorded).
If DVRs are installed, the pictures per second performance and image quality (compression setting) should be checked .
All system controls are properly functioning (pan/tilt, zoom, focus, etc.)
The setting of all pan and tilt limits is correct.
Preset positioning, if such cameras are used, is correct.
The level of supplementary lighting is satisfactory.
The system must continue to work when the main supply is disconnected, and a check should be made as to how long it does (if UPS is used).
Commissioning larger systems may take a bit longer than the smaller ones. This is an evolution from the system on paper to the real thing, where a lot of small and unplanned things may come up because of new variations in the system concept. Customers, or users, can suggest the way they want things to be done, only when they see the initial system appearance. Commissioning in such cases may therefore take up to a few days.
Commissioning under  BS EN 62676-4 Clause 4.6 & BS EN 62676-4 Clause 13.

Training and manuals
After the initial setup, programming, and commissioning are finished, the operators, or system users, will need some form of training.
For smaller systems this is fairly straightforward and simple. Just a verbal explanation may be sufficient, although every customer deserves a written user’s manual. This can be as simple as a laminated sheet of paper with clearly written instructions.

Every piece of equipment should come with its own User’s Manual, be it a time lapse VCR, a camera, or a switcher, but they have to be put together in a system with all their interconnections and this is what has to be shown to the customer. Every detail should be covered, especially alarm response and the system’s handling in such cases. This is perhaps the most important piece of information to the operators.

For larger systems, it is a good idea to bind all the component manuals, together with the system drawings, wiring details, and operator’s instructions, in a separate folder or a binder. Naturally, for systems of a larger size, training can be a more complex task. It may even require some special presentation with slides and drawings so as to cover all the major aspects.

Good systems are recognized not only by their functionality but also by their documentation.

Handing over
When all is finished and the customer is comfortable with what he or she is getting, it is time to hand over the system. This is an official acceptance of the system as demonstrated and is usually backed by the signing of appropriate documents.
It is at this point in time that the job can be considered finished and the warranty begins to be effective.
From now on, the customer takes over responsibility for the system’s integrity and operation.
If customers are happy with the job, they usually write an official note of thanks. This may be used later, together with your other similar letters, as a reference for future customers.
Documentation consider BS EN 62676-4 Clause 4.8, BS EN 62676-4 Clause 15.3 & BS EN 62676-4 Clause 16.

Preventative maintenance
Effective and regular maintenance of a CCTV surveillance system is essential to ensure that the system remains reliable at all times. It is advisable that maintenance of the CCTV system should be carried out by the company which installed the system. However, the maintenance company should have the means, including necessary spare parts and documentation, to meet the recommendations given here.
Note: This recommendation does not place an obligation upon customers who purchase their systems to have them maintained by the installing company. Maintenance is a matter of agreement between the customer and the installing company or a separate maintenance company. Maintenance comes under BS EN 62676-4 Clause 17 & SC CoP Guiding Principle 10.

The preservation of security within the maintenance company is of paramount importance and steps should be taken to ensure the safe keeping of all customers’ equipment and documentation relating to a particular installation/contract.

Note: BS EN 50132-7 states that “CCTV systems should be maintained in accordance with the schedule supplied by the system designer or supplier”, but does not detail any specific maintenance requirements. These guidelines give specific advice for the maintenance of CCTV surveillance systems, and provide examples of the type of documentation required to be used by the service company.

A maintenance company should ensure that adequate vetting of all employees is carried out. All employees, who visit a customer’s premises, shall carry identification cards which should include a photograph and signature of the bearer, the company’s name, contact details and a date of expiry (maximum of 3 years).
Each service technician employed by the maintenance company should carry a range of tools, test equipment and other equipment to enable them to perform their functions satisfactorily. Specialist tools, test equipment and plant should be available for deeper investigation if necessary.
Note: Disconnections, for whatever reason, should be recorded on a maintenance record and authorised by the client or his representative.
The maintenance company’s organisation should be so staffed as to ensure that the recommendations of this Code of Practice can be met at all times. The following factors should be taken into consideration:
1.       the number of installations to be serviced
2.       the complexity of the installations;
3.       the geographical spread of the installations in relation to the location of the maintenance company, its branches and its service personnel
4.       the method of calling out service personnel outside normal office hours, where applicable.
5.       Service personnel should be adequately trained and training should be updated whenever appropriate.
Maintenance Service is 3 types but scope of work is same.
A.   Preventive Maintenance service.
B.   Corrective Maintenance service.
C.   Performance Maintenance service.

http://arindamcctvaccesscontrol.blogspot.in/2014/09/service-and-maintenance-for-cctv.html


Note: The BS EN standards BS EN 62676-2-X comprising part 1, 2 and 3, provide detailed guidelines to manufacturers as to how they should implement IP video transmission products.

An end user is unlikely to benefit by reading the 62676-2-X standards. They may instead be involved in a buying decision which could place reliance on claims of conformance to the part of the BS EN standard the manufacturer chose to implement. Interoperability of equipment is not solely reliant on the requirements included in the BS EN standards in their current form. There is no guarantee that a product which simply claims BS EN 62676 compliance will provide full compatibility with another claiming the same compliance although it should allow for a minimum level of image transfer. 

Installers, users and specifiers should treat claims of interoperability between manufacturers products with caution. The parts of the BS EN standard which focus on interoperability, are 62676-2-2, which describes the PSIA guidelines for interoperability of IP Video devices, and 62676-2-3, which describes the ONVIF guidelines for interoperability.

ONVIF and PSIA, are at their base level, a common set of commands allowing basic communication between devices but this does not guarantee that the devices will function to the full potential of their design. Issues with product firmware and software should also be considered: a change of firmware / software versions should be tested separately to ensure continued interoperability. Whilst the specifications try to take this into account, the number of products claiming to be conformant currently makes this an impossible task.

Claims by product manufacturers that PSIA or ONVIF compliance means that users do not have to check that the products work together should be treated with great caution. It is strongly recommended that all such products are tested before being deployed.

Wednesday, September 17, 2014

Service and Maintenance for CCTV

Service and Maintenance for CCTV
1. General:
Effective and regular maintenance of a CCTV surveillance system is essential to ensure that the system remains reliable at all times. It is advisable that maintenance of the CCTV system should be carried out by the company which installed the system. However, the maintenance company should have the means, including necessary spare parts and documentation, to meet the recommendations given here.
Note: This recommendation does not place an obligation upon customers who purchase their systems to have them maintained by the installing company. Maintenance is a matter of agreement between the customer and the installing company or a separate maintenance company. Maintenance comes under BS EN 62676-4 Clause 17 & SC CoP Guiding Principle 10.

The preservation of security within the maintenance company is of paramount importance and steps should be taken to ensure the safe keeping of all customers’ equipment and documentation relating to a particular installation/contract.

Note: BS EN 50132-7 states that “CCTV systems should be maintained in accordance with the schedule supplied by the system designer or supplier”, but does not detail any specific maintenance requirements. These guidelines give specific advice for the maintenance of CCTV surveillance systems, and provide examples of the type of documentation required to be used by the service company.

A maintenance company should ensure that adequate vetting of all employees is carried out. All employees, who visit a customer’s premises, shall carry identification cards which should include a photograph and signature of the bearer, the company’s name, contact details and a date of expiry (maximum of 3 years).
Each service technician employed by the maintenance company should carry a range of tools, test equipment and other equipment to enable them to perform their functions satisfactorily. Specialist tools, test equipment and plant should be available for deeper investigation if necessary.

Note: Disconnections, for whatever reason, should be recorded on a maintenance record and authorised by the client or his representative.
The maintenance company’s organisation should be so staffed as to ensure that the recommendations of this Code of Practice can be met at all times. The following factors should be taken into consideration:

  •       .  the number of installations to be serviced
  •        the complexity of the installations;
  •   . the geographical spread of the installations in relation to the location of the maintenance company, its branches and its service personnel
  •      .   the method of calling out service personnel outside normal office hours, where applicable.
  •     Service personnel should be adequately trained and training should be updated whenever appropriate.
Maintenance Service is 3 types but scope of work is same.
A.   Preventive Maintenance service.
B.   Corrective Maintenance service.
C.   Performance Maintenance service.

A. Preventative Maintenance
I. Frequency of visits
The following recommendations apply, unless the customer has agreed an alternative schedule of works with the maintenance company. It’s also called Planned maintenance.
Preventative Maintenance Inspection
As a minimum, this should include all the elements detailed in Clause II, and the intervals should not exceed 06 months. Customers may agree a more frequent visit where appropriate. During the 1st Visit you should note down all CCTV related Product Make, Model Nos with Version. If required make a hand sketch of geographical span.
Supplementary Preventative Maintenance Inspection
As a minimum, this should include the supplementary items detailed in Clause III. These supplementary inspections may be carried out at the same time as an annual visit or at less frequent intervals, dependent on the agreement between the customer and the maintenance company.

II. Preventative Maintenance Inspection (Scope of work)
During each preventative visit, inspection of the following, with all necessary tests, and those rectifications which are practical at the time, should be carried out:
Control Room:
1. Check the picture quality of each camera and monitor. Look for signs of condensation on housing windows and limiting of picture highlights, i.e. proper focus, proper resolution, Signal strength etc.
2. Check all controllable functions for each station e.g. pan, tilt, zoom, focus, iris, speed, auto-pan, wiper, pre-sets etc.
3. Check camera / monitor combination selection, proper functioning of Live/Spot monitors.
4. Check the operation of recorder (s) i.e. record, backup and replay.
5. Check the operation of special equipment such as video multiplexers, Storage.
6. Check any interfaces with alarms e.g. movement alarms, fences etc.
7. Check that all indications function correctly.
8. Check the IP setting at IP Camera and NVR/DVR.
9. Check BNC/RCA, LAN & Power connector at DVR/NVR/ Control Room.
10. Check the PATA/SATA cable for Hard Disk/RW. RS484 Cable.
11. Check the proper functioning of Mouse, USB port, RS485/232 port, DVR key/ Remote etc.
12. Check proper functioning of CCTV Software/Control Station/ Monitoring Software/Analytic software.

Around the supervised premises
1. Check that camera movement and field of view is free from obstruction, trees etc.
2. Check that ALL warning labels are in place (e.g. movement, voltage, LASER)
3. Check that indicator lamps are working.
4. Request that customer checks the operation of supplementary lights, including IR, at night. Leave a form and request that any faults are reported.

III. Supplementary Preventative Maintenance Inspection
During each Supplementary visit, inspection of the following, with all necessary tests, and those rectifications which are practical at the time, should be carried out:
1. Carry out all functional maintenance checks.
2. Check that external, flexible cables (Video, Power, Fiber, LAN) are properly supported and undamaged.
3. Examine all metalwork especially towers, brackets & box, for signs of corrosion and damage.
4. Lower towers and check cable for fraying. Grease the mechanism.
5. Check all glands and seals on external equipment.
6. Check all external and internal flexible wiring for signs of wear and fraying.
7. Check all fixed and flexible conduit for signs of damage.
8. Remove covers and housings and clean interiors (Lens, Camera Body, Fan, Power/Fiber Board etc) where necessary. Each camera bracket fittings and clamping bolts are tight.
9. Check the function and wear of wiper blades and washers.
10. Check the function of heaters/Cooler, Solar panel (if applicable).
11. Check the function of supplementary lighting, including IR, and photocells.
12. Check the integrity of all supports, Antenna, including cables & BNC/LAN.

Note: It is recommended that all filament lights/lamps should be replaced during this visit.
Those parts of a system, or any environmental conditions found during preventative maintenance, which could reduce the effectiveness of the system should be identified on the maintenance visit record.
Routine maintenance visits to the supervised premises should be made by a representative of the company at intervals of not less than once a year (as per SLA). Should the company, the customer or his insurer, require more frequent maintenance, this should be clearly stated in the maintenance record and in the contract documents.

Note: :If it is necessary to undertake routine maintenance work outside normal working hours, it is recommended that the contract between the customer and the company should state this requirement.

Those items of inspection or rectification which are not carried out at the time of routine inspection should be completed within a period normally not exceeding 20 days, other than by alternative agreement with the customer.
Before leaving your place provide answers to any questions or queries that you may have. Complete maintenance report and discuss work conducted with you. All work carried out on site, together with time of arrival is recorded on a record sheet (known as a docket / Case ID). The engineer will also note down any deficiencies in the system and recommend work required to maintain, full, trouble free operation. This docket is shown to your (customer) copy provided(Service Report/memo/ value reports) for placing on the file. Excludes provision of high reach equipment.

IV. Emergency service/Breakdown Call
Where an agreement exists, the customer should be kept informed of the address and telephone number of the company's service and emergency service facilities (Service call). It is recommended that except where otherwise agreed by the customer, the company’s emergency service facility should be so located and organised that under normal circumstances the company's representative should reach the supervised premises within eight hours from the notification of the fault. This recommendation need not apply to other than mainland installations. Whenever possible, the customer should be informed of any likely delay when a fault is notified.

B. Corrective Maintenance service.
Service remains same as per Preventive Maintenance (Clause I to IV). Its including all spare parts. Rapid repair of equipment that has broken down is critical to ensure uninterrupted operations, minimal downtime and optimal functionality. maintenance company offers Corrective Maintenance services to provide emergency maintenance support in the event of an unexpected breakdown of equipment and for timely resumption of operations. With Corrective Maintenance you can be assured their engineers are available when needed and that you have the backing of Maintenance Company’s extensive knowledge and support network.
Features:
1)      Technical Helpdesk support located at Maintenance Company.
2)      Travel and labour costs are included as well as replacement of parts due to wear and tear. Consumables are excluded.
3)      Maintenance company response Time commitment can be within hours after your first call.
4)      Spare parts to replace faulty components will be available during the whole length of the contract.
Benefits:
1)      Simplicity: just call and within 8Hr Maintenance company engineers will be there..
2)      Low-Risk: by ensuring the availability of your security systems you optimize your daily strategic operations.

C. Performance Maintenance service.
Service remains same as per Preventive Maintenance (Clause I to III). Its including all spare parts & Maintenance company engineers are available when needed. Technician / Engineers deputed on your (Customer) Control Room.
Features:
1)      Technical Helpdesk support at your (Customer) place.
2)      Our Response Time commitment can be within hours after your first call when Maintenance company field technicians are on-site.
3)      You decide when you want on-site technical assistance to be available: eight hours every working day, weekdays and weekend, around-the-clock or according to your own tailored schedule.
4)      Spare parts to replace faulty components will be available during the whole length of the contract.
5)      Online Monitoring gives you real-time information on your system and is crucial for delivering on the Performance Maintenance commitment.
6)      Carry out a visual inspection of all major components for signs of deterioration or damage and rectify as necessary.
Benefits:
1)      Simplicity: Availability of Technicians/Engineer 24hours a day, 365 days a year.
2)      Fast Response: you enjoy preferential treatment and Response Time commitment to rapidly restore the operation of your security systems.
3)      Risk-free: We take full responsibility for managing your security processes
4)      You know how fast your system will be up and running after any incident.
5)      Total peace of mind.

If you can get any Service and Maintenance for CCTV minimum you must maintain below point.
Do not make customer aprilfool.

Visually inspect all major components and connections for signs of deterioration or damage
Check all control equipment (DVRs, VCRs, monitors, multiplexers, video switchers, telemetry units etc) for correct operation
Check mains & power supplies and stand-by batteries including charging rates.
Check environmental conditions for adverse effects, including growth or shrubbery obscuring camera views
Check time and date settings in equipment and update the settings as appropriate
Check integrity of all cabling and sample check external insulation for damage
Clean cable fixings for security
Check auxiliary lighting equipment, infra-red units and photocells (if any) for correct operation
Check air vents are clear in all control equipment including PCs
Clean cameras, lenses and housing surfaces as necessary
Check al glands and seals on external equipment
Clean control equipment surfaces including PC (if applicable)
Establish regular back-ups are taken
Check camera is aligned to user specification, pictures for correct field of view and adjust as necessary
Check brackets, towers and fixings for corrosion or damage. Check clamping bolts/brackets are tightened correctly
Check wash/wipe units and wiper blades (if any) for correct operation and fill washer reservoir where necessary
Check quality of recording during day time and night time modes
Check pan and tilt assembly (if any) including fixings, electrical connections and functions.
Check the satisfactory CCTV transmission of images to remote site (if applicable)
Check warning signs are in place
Check all camera presets
Check all alarm presets