Showing posts with label HDCVI. Show all posts
Showing posts with label HDCVI. Show all posts

Thursday, April 1, 2021

The end of DVR in Video Surveillance

The end of DVR in Video Surveillance 

People are moving away from outdated DVRs in analog CCTV world to a more standardized and scalable IP video storage environment. The trends which are paving way for the demise of DVR in video surveillance field are as follows-

Edge Storage significance- People are nowadays going with the best available technology for their surveillance needs and are showing a lot of interest on edge based surveillance cameras. For this reason, IP camera vendors are getting busy in increasing the storage capacity of their SD/MicroSD Card driven network cameras. In next five years, there is a possibility that IP cameras with 1TB on-board video storage will be available to serve the purpose of Edge based video surveillance. There is a leeway that these edge storage enabled cameras can be used as standalone surveillance devices or in conjugation with a centrally located video storage solution, in order to achieve failover redundancy.

Network Attached Storage high availability will also play a vital role in the demise of the DVR. Interestingly, this deployment can be used in conjugation as a standalone archiving solution or in conjugation with an edge based network device. In case of small surveillance projects, both SD card and NAS storage systems will be good deployment solutions. Usually, these solutions will be a perfect match to analog technology deployment standards employed in retail stores or in offices.

Lower cost per Gigabyte of storage drives is the next trend which may pave way for the death of DVR. IT sector will find a strong focus from big data manufacturers on physical security and its associated video management system plus video analytics. The need for longer video storage periods and higher quality of video will also increase the need of higher storage capacity devices. People will then have the flexibility to just dump the appliance and go with reference architecture from the server manufacture. Again this centralized storage approach will also pair up with edge or intermediary secondary storage such as decentralized cameras, which are a perfect solution in environments where failover and bandwidth issues remain as main criterion.

Migration to cloud by IT sector will also pave way for the demise of DVR, as hosted video surveillance services will be on high demand. With existing partnerships in between software, camera hardware and cloud service providers getting strong; a fast, easily accessible and scalable solution for network video will be on high demand. Multi-location gas stations, retail sectors and quick server organizations have already become patrons of cloud based video surveillance storage. Seeing the secure central access enabled video approach, many large and mid-range organizations which have operations in geographically separated environments will go for cloud approach. As cloud based video surveillance cuts down the number of IT staff, its craze will double up by end of 2021.

So, presently for the above said reasons, the demise of DVR can predicted for sure. Feel free to speak up your mind on the said trends and let us know your opinion on DVRs existence in future of video surveillance.


Saturday, November 19, 2016

How do I uninstall the HDCVI browser plugin

How do I uninstall the HDCVI browser plugin?
FOR WINDOWS:
Firstly, navigate to the Downloads folder and ensure that webplugins.exe isn’t already in theDownloads folder. If webplugins.exe is already in the Downloads folder, move it to the trash or delete that executable file.

Secondly, navigate to the C:\ Drive and, depending on the computer (whether the operating system is Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8 or 10), you may need to search two locations to verify the old plugins aren’t currently installed:

C:\Program Files (x86)\webrec\WEB30\WebPlugin
or
C:\Program Files\webrec\WEB30\WebPlugin

If you were able to navigate to the webrec folder, navigate further to find uninst or uninstall.exe. Make sure all internet browsers are closed, Internet Explorer, Chrome, FireFox, etc. Open the Task Manager and make sure they’re not running any processes in the background.

Now run the uninstaller and make sure all the files are deleted by navigating back to the links provided above. If the folders aren’t empty, you will need to ensure you've closed out any browser that is still running. From here, you can go ahead and delete the webrec folder.

FOR MAC:
Firstly, navigate to your Downloads folder and clarify that webplugins.pkg isn’t already in theDownloads folder. If webplugins.pkg is already in the Downloads folder, move it to trash or delete that file.

Secondly, navigate to the Mac’s Library and find Installed Plug-ins. Use the file path provided below to navigate to:

Macintosh HD\Library\Internet Plug-Ins

If you were able to navigate to the Internet Plug-Ins folder, navigate further to find the files npmedia.bundleand npTimeGrid.bundle. Make sure all internet browsers are closed (Safari, Chrome, FireFox, etc).

Next, move these two listed files to the trash, npmedia.bundle and npTimeGrid.bundle.

Thursday, December 17, 2015

Differences H.265 and H.264

Differences between H.265 and H.264



A codec is an encoder and a decoder. An encoder compresses audio or video so it takes up less disk space. A decoder extracts audio or video information from the compressed file. Video and audio compression is a complex technical process, but the basic aim of a codec is quite straightforward:

(a) Reduce the size of the compressed media file as much as possible, but...(b) Keep the quality of the decoded audio and video as good as possible.

What is H.264?
H264 (aka MPEG-4 AVC) is currently a mainstream video compression format. It is widely used in Blu-ray discs, internet sources like videos in YouTube and iTunes Store, web software, and also HDTV broadcasts over terrestrial, cable and satellite.

What is H.265?
H.265 (also known as HEVC, short for High Efficiency Video Coding, developed by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC)) is a video compression standard whose predecessor is H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. H.265 HEVC ensures to deliver video quality identical to H.264 AVC at only half the bit rate, including better compression, delicate image and bandwidth saving. It Support up to 8K, Support up to 300 fps. It is likely to implement Ultra HD, 2K, 4K for Broadcast and Online (OTT).

H.265 vs H.264: Differences between H.265 and H.264

In general, H.265 has several big advantages over H.264, including better compression, delicate image and bandwidth saving. For more detailed differences, please read H.265 vs H.264 comparison table.

4 pcs 2MP IP cameras for 1 month, stream: 4096Kbps. 
H.264 IP camera need 42G×4×30=5T=1×3T+1×2T, so need 1 pc 3T and 1pc 2T HDD. 
H.265 IP camera need 21G×4×30=2.5T, so need 1 pc 3T HDD only, save at least 1 pc 2T HDD cost. 

Tuesday, June 16, 2015

Simple Ways to Clean your Camera Lens

Three Simple Ways to Clean your Camera Lens

Dust, rain, and bugs can have a great impact on the quality of your camera’s picture, but with the following easy tips, you can keep the image quality looking great throughout the life of your security camera.
1. Distilled Water – Put some distilled water into a squeeze bottle with small tip. You’ll want to gently apply some water droplets, and then blot gently with lens tissue or another clean, lint-free, scratch-free material.
2. Baby Shampoo – A mild surfactant like Johnson’s baby shampoo (diluted with water) lightly applied to the glass and blotted dry is a great way to remove dust, spider webs, and oil compounds from areas that create steam from oil based foods.
3. Hot Air – By using a hair dryer to a dry lens you are heating up the glass to a point where the molecules are now looser and easier to remove.  The reason why waxing a car is such a chore is the effort needed to create heat by rubbing the surface to warm up the compounds so they can be removed.  A simple hair dryer to a lint free cloth can do the trick for minor cleaning needs.

Sunday, October 26, 2014

HD-TVI, HD-CVI, HD-SDI, HD-AHD, Analog & IP Camera

HD-TVI, HD-CVI, HD-SDI, AHD, Analog & IP Camera
Even we enter into digital era, analog surveillance technology doesn't stop its innovation. Besides the HD-SDI and HD-CVI (in house technology of Dahua), today the Hikvision and other camera manufacturers announce HD-TVI cameras release.  HD-TVI means High Definition Transport Video Interface,  HD-TVI is based on traditional coaxial cable for video and data transmission, it supports not only 720P/1080P video signal, but also including audio, data signal over long distance up to 500 meters.

At present, there are approximate 100 million coaxial cables are deployed for analog camera connection. In the next 3-5 years, they will be replaced with high definition camera. However, some users start to worry they have to rewire, re-install or add new network devices for upgrading. This group of users prefer the economical and easy solution to upgrade existing system to HD, rather than adopting the IP camera. In this context, the HD-SDI and HD-TVI technologies were born.

HD-TVI advantages

500 meters long range video transmission:-
As we know, HD-SDI and conventional analog solutions only has limited 100 meters video transmission. Additionally, the cost of HD-SDI equipment is more expensive. The HDTVI technology (HikVision) offers long range distance video transmission at 1080P/720P through coaxial cable.  The cost of HD-TVI products is very affordable, permit users upgrade the system with minimum investment. This makes HDTVI become a perfect solution to fit all analog surveillance applications. Furthermore, the new HDTVI technology support UTC function which can allow user to remotely control the OSD menu and PTZ control via coaxial cable. This means user can quickly install and adjust the camera without accessing the camera itself.
HDTVI Camera with CS 4mm lens
Analog high definition resolution at 720P/1080P:-
Similar to HD-CVI (in house technology from Dahua) and HD-SDI, the new HDTVI cameras can deliver real time 720P/1080P HD resolution video without video latency. The HDTVI DVRs support full time 720P/180P video recording and playback. Through using HDTVI compatible cameras and DVRs, user can setup a complete new HD analog surveillance system or easily upgrade the existing conventional analog system to HD surveillance system.
HDTVI Camera with CS 12mm lens,
Broad manufacturers to offer great compatibility:-
HDTVI equipment is HDTVI open standard, which guarantees trouble-free connection to other HDTVI-compliant cameras and DVRs. By the way, the new designed HDTVI DVR also can support traditional standard video camera for offering great flexibility.  All HDTVI HD cameras can access third party DVRs equipped with HDTVI technology from other manufacturers. The main HDTVI members including TVT, Hikvision, Hisharp, Unifore, LSVT...etc.

HD-TVI vs Analog


In summary, the advantage of HD-TVI compared with Analogue is:
1.       HD resolution on 720P/1080P at 25/30fps
2.       Long distance transmission for HD video
3.       No video quality loss and delay for transmission

HD-TVI vs HD-CVI 

Obviously, HD-TVI and HD-CVI have very similar features, both of them can provide analog high definition solutions. HD-TVI derives from American based company that does not supply to only one manufacturer. Therefore we are expecting many analog camera manufacturers will release wide range of HD-TVI based cameras to market. Therefore, HD-TVI is more likely to become an industry standard, not a proprietary technology/solution.

HD-SDI vs HD-CVI 

HD-TVI vs HD-SDI 

In conclusion, compared with HD-SDI, new HD solution with advantages of:
1.       Longer video transmission distance up to 1000ft (300m) over regular coaxial cable
2.       700ft (200m) distance for video transmission over UTP (Cat5, twisted cable)
3.       More cheaper price for analog HD system
4.       Support twisted cable installation

HD-TVI vs IP Camera

Hence, compared with IPC, the advantages of HD-TVI are
1.       No network bandwidth requirement/influence
2.       No network configuration, as easy as analog system
3.       No video quality loss and compression
4.       No video latency issue, real time live-view
5.       Long video transmission distance
6.       More affordable price for camera and video storage devices

AHD advantages

A new kind of camera: AHD Camera (Analog high definition)/HD-AHD is developing so soon in the market now.
The price is similar as Analog camera and the image effect is similar as digital camera!
The Advantages of AHD Camera:
1) AHD Camera can link with general DVR and the resolution is looks like 1000tvl analog cameras.
2) AHD Camera can link with AHD DVR, and the resolution is Megapixel High Definition ( Now have 1MP, 1.3MP already).
3) Transmit by Coaxial cable-500m!!
4) The price is similar as Analog system no matter considering DVR or camera.

HD-CVI cameras vs HD-AHD cameras

1.       1.0 megapixel AHD camera adopts OV9712 + NVP2431H solution (CMOS Chip: OV9712 & DSP Chips : Nextchip NVP2431H), while HD-CVI camera adopts the PO3100K + DH9801 solution. In addition to the difference of solution, the price vary greatly, OV9712 + NVP2431 of AHD camera module only costs US$7.5, and PO3100K + DH9801 camera module costs approximate US$11.
2.       AHD camera can connect to CRT display directly, the image can display properly. HD-CVI camera connects to traditional CRT, it doesn't show images. For video live view/recording/playback, HD-CVI cameras need to work with HD-CVI DVR. It seems, the HD-AHD cameras support 960H output mode, which is very convenient for test and installation. Since the AHD cameras can be backward compatible with all traditional analog equipment. Compared with HD-CVI, it has advantages of great compatibility.
3.       Competiable with normal D1 / 960H, and analog peripherals (including distributors, matrix, etc.). Switch AHD, IP and Anolog video signal from AHD DVR in no time.
4.       Strong anti-interference capability & solid interface protection that can avoid space high frequency electromagnetic radiation to ensure a constant signal transmission of high definition video display without problems as frame drop and lock loss occurred.

Wednesday, August 6, 2014

HDCVI Vs HD-SDI & IP

HDCVI Vs HD-SDI & IP

HDCVI Vs HD-SDI
Longer Transmission Distance:-
Both HDCVI and HD-SDI can transfer HD signal @720p/1080p, but HDCVI has a distinguished advantage at the transmission distance.
With general transmission media, HD-SDI reaches 100 meters at most while HDCVI, at least, transmits 500 meters by using 75-3 cable and featuring low signal distortion rate.
Better Anti-Interference Capability:
The anti-interference capability of HD-SDI solution is relatively poor when been placed against high-frequent radiation environment, which could lead to higher bit error ratio while the HDCVI adopts low-frequency modulation technology, making it free from the high-frequency wireless electric radiation to ensure stable video transmission at high image quality.
HDCVI Vs IP

Reliability:
HDCVI adopts P2P transmission to ensure a smooth and reliable transmission; while the transmission of network camera is based on Ethernet and thus may lead to network jitter and packet loss.

Real-time:
The network HD features video bu­ffer technology and the delay is controlled within 300 milliseconds in the general and fair networking environment; However, HDCVI features no latency capability for an outstanding real-time performance.

No Compression:
For HDCVI, there is no compression processed to maintain its original e­ect and thus present in vivid image quality.
Benefits of HDCVI Technology:-

Lower Cost:-
Unlike HD-SDI, which posts high demands on cabling and installation; HDCVI solution inherits the same installing means of conventional analog solutions, which is of great convenience and also decrease the cost.

Smart Control:-
As HDCVI transmits multiple-signal (video/audio and dual-way data) over one cable, it realizes video/audio synchronized transmission and reverse-signal transmission control at the same time, such as PTZ and zoom control; which further simpli‑es the installation.

Where To Use HDCVI CCTV?
HDCVI Cameras very useful where HighDefinition CCTV Cameras require at Lowcosts and all areas like Banks, Hotels, Restaurants, Residential Buildings, Apartments, Flats, Police Stations, Public Areas, Various Government Sectors, Private Sectros, etc.

Also Visit:
http://arindamcctvaccesscontrol.blogspot.in/2012/08/hd-cctv-over-coax.html
&
http://arindamcctvaccesscontrol.blogspot.in/2013/03/hd-sdi-high-definition-cctv-vs.html

Sunday, February 27, 2011

Security Camera Selection Guide

ON Sunday, November 8, 2009 we discuss a Guide for choosing the CCTV system, now we know how to select a Security camera.( http://arindamcctvaccesscontrol.blogspot.com/2009/11/guide-for-choosing-cctv-system.html )

Security cameras are literally the eyes of a video surveillance system. Cameras should be deployed in critical areas to capture relevant video.
The two basic principles of camera deployment are (1) use chokepoints and (2) cover assets.
Chokepoints are areas where people or vehicles must pass to enter a certain area. Examples include doorways, hallways and driveways. Placing cameras at chokepoints is a very cost-effective way to document who entered a facility.
Assets are the specific objects or areas that need security. Examples of assets include physical objects such as safes and merchandise areas as well as areas where important activity occurs such as cash registers, parking spots or lobbies. What is defined as an asset is relative to the needs and priorities of your organization.

1. Security Camera Selection

Once you determine what areas you want to cover, there are four camera characteristics to decide on:
1. Fixed vs. PTZ: A camera can be fixed to only look at one specific view or it can be movable through the use of panning, tilting and zooming (i.e., moving left and right, up and down, closer and farer away). Most cameras used in surveillance are fixed. PTZ cameras are generally used to cover wider fields of views and should generally be used only if you expect a monitor to actively use the cameras on a daily basis. A key reason fixed cameras are generally used is that they cost 5 to 8 times less than PTZs (fixed cameras average Rs.12000 to Rs. 22000 whereas PTZ cameras can be over Rs. 75,000 INR).

2. Color vs. Infrared vs. Thermal: In TV, a video can be color or black and white. In video surveillance today, the only time producing a black and white image makes sense is when lighting is very low (e.g., night time). In those conditions, infrared or thermal cameras produce black and white images. Infrared cameras require special lamps (infrared illuminators) that produce clear image in the dark (but are significantly more expensive than color cameras - often 2x to 3x more). Thermal cameras require no lighting but product only silhouettes of objects and are very expensive (Rs. 300,000 to Rs. 1000,000 on average) In day time or lighted areas, color cameras are the obvious choice as the premium for color over black and white is trivial.

3. Standard Definition vs. Megapixel: This choice is similar to that of TVs. Just like in the consumer world, historically everyone used standard definition cameras but now users are shifting into high definition cameras. While high definition TV maxes out at 3 MP, surveillance cameras can provide up to 16 MP resolutions. In 2008, megapixel cameras only represent about 4% of total cameras sold but they are expanding very rapidly.
4. IP vs. Analog: The largest trend in video surveillance today is the move from analog cameras to IP cameras. While all surveillance cameras are digitized to view and record on computers, only IP cameras digitize the video inside the camera. While most infrared and thermal cameras are still only available as analog cameras, you can only use megapixel resolution in IP cameras. Currently, 20% of cameras sold are IP and this percentage is increasingly rapidly.

Most organizations will mix and match a number of different camera types. For instance, an organization may use infrared fixed analog cameras around a perimeter with an analog PTZ overlooking the parking lot. On the inside, they may have a fixed megapixel camera covering the warehouse and a number of fixed IP cameras covering the entrance and hallways.

2. Connectivity

In professional video surveillance, cameras are almost always connected to video management systems for the purpose of recording and managing access to video. There are two main characteristics to decide on for connectivity.
IP vs. Analog: Video can be transmitted over your computer network (IP) or it can be sent as native analog video. Today, most video feeds are sent using analog but migration to IP transmission is rapidly occurring. Both IP cameras and analog cameras can be transmitted over IP. IP cameras can connect directly to an IP network (just like your PC). Analog cameras cannot directly connect to an IP network. However, you can install an encoder to transmit analog feeds over IP. The encoder has an input for an analog camera video feed and outputs a digital stream for transmission over an IP network.
Wired vs. Wireless: Video can be sent over cables or though the air, whether you are using IP or analog video. Over 90% of video is sent over cables as this is generally the cheapest and most reliable way of sending video. However, wireless is an important option for transmitting video as deploying wires can be cost-prohibitive for certain applications such as parking lots, fence lines and remote buildings.

3. Video Management System
Video management systems are the hub of video surveillance solutions, accepting video from cameras, storing the video and managing distribution of video to viewers.
There are four fundamental options in video management systems. Most organizations choose one of the four. However, it's possible that companies may have multiple types when they transition between one to another.
DVRs are purpose built computers that combine software, hardware and video storage all in one. By definition, they only accept analog camera feeds. Almost all DVRs today support remote viewing over the Internet. DVRs are very simple to install but they significantly limit your flexibility in expansion and hardware changes. DVRs are still today the most common option amongst professional buyers. However, DVRs have definitely fallen out of favor and the trend is to move to one of the three categories below.

HDVRs or hybrid DVRs are DVRs that support IP cameras. They have all the functionality of a DVR listed above plus they add support for IP and megapixel cameras. Most DVRs can be software upgraded to become HDVRs. Such upgrades are certainly a significant trend and is attractive because of the low migration cost (supports analog and IP cameras directly).
NVRs are like DVRs in all ways except for camera support. Whereas a DVR only supports analog cameras, an NVR only supports IP cameras. To support analog cameras with an NVR, an encoder must be used.

IP Video Surveillance Software is a software application, like Word or Excel. Unlike DVRs or NVRs, IP video surveillance software does not come with any hardware or storage. The user must load and set up the PC/Server for the software. This provides much greater freedom and potentially lower cost than using DVR/NVR appliances. However, it comes with significant more complexity and time to set up and optimize the system. IP video surveillance software is the hottest trend in video management systems currently and is the most frequent choice for very large camera counts (hundreds or more).

4. Storage

Surveillance video is almost always stored for later retrieval and review. The average storage duration is between 30 and 90 days. However, a small percentage of organization store video for much shorter (7 days) or for much longer (some for a few years).
The two most important drivers for determining storage duration is the cost of storage and the security threats an organization faces.
While storage is always getting cheaper, video surveillance demands huge amount of storage. For comparison, Google's email service offer about 7 GB/s of free email storage. This is considered to be an enormous amount for email. However, a single camera could consume that much storage in a day. It is fairly common for video surveillance systems to require multiple TBs of storage even with only a few dozen cameras. Because storage is such a significant cost, numerous techniques exist to optimize the use of storage.
The type of security threats also impact determining storage duration. For instance, a major threat at banks is the report of fraudulent investigations. These incidents are often not reported by affected customers until 60 or 90 days after the incident. As such, banks have great need for longer term storage. By contrast, casinos usually know about issues right away and if a problem is to arise they learn about it in the same week. Casinos then, very frequently, use much shorter storage duration (a few weeks is common).
Three fundamental types of storage may be selected:
Internal storage uses hard drives built inside of a DVR, NVR or server. Today this is still the most common form of storage. With hard drives of up to 1 TB common today, internal storage can provide total storage of 2TB to 4TB. Internal storage is the cheapest option but tends to be less reliable and scalable than the other options. Nonetheless, it is used the most frequently in video surveillance.

Directly Attached storage is when hard drives are located outside of the DVR, NVR or server. Storage appliances such as NAS or SANs are used to manage hard drives. This usually provides greater scalability, flexibility and redundancy. However, the cost per TB is usually more than internal storage. Attached storage is most often used in large camera count applications.

Storage Clusters are IP based 'pools' of storage specialized in storing video from large numbers of cameras. Multiple DVRs, NVRs or servers can stream video to these storage clusters. They provide efficient, flexible and scalable storage for very large camera counts. Storage clusters are the most important emerging trend in video surveillance storage.
http://arindamcctvaccesscontrol.blogspot.in/2013/10/analog-cctv-storage.html

5. Video Analytics
Video analytics scan incoming video feeds to (1) optimize storage or (2) to identify threatening/interesting events.
Storage optimization is the most commonly used application of video analytics. In its simplest form, video analytics examines video feeds to identify changes in motion. Based on the presence or absence of motion, the video management system can decide not to store video or store video at a lower frame rate or resolution. Because surveillance video captures long periods of inactivity (like hallways and staircases, buildings when they are closed, etc.), using motion analytics can reduce storage consumption by 60% - 80% relative to continuously recording.
Using video analytics to identify threatening/interesting events is the more 'exciting' form of video analytics. Indeed, generally when industry people talk of video analytics, this is their intended reference. Common examples of this are perimeter violation, abandoned object, people counting and license plate recognition. The goal of these types of video analytics is to pro-actively identify security incidents and to stop them in progress (e.g., perimeter violation spots a thief jumping your fence so that you can stop them in real time, license plate recognition identifies a vehicle belonging to a wanted criminal so you can apprehend him).
These video analytics have been generally viewed as a disappointment. While many observers believe that video analytics will improve, the video analytics market is currently contracting (in response to its issues and the recession).

6. Viewing Video
Surveillance video is ultimately viewed by human beings. Most surveillance video is never viewed. Of the video that is viewed, the most common use is for historical investigations. Some surveillance video is viewed live continuously, generally in retail (to spot shoplifters) and in public surveillance (to identify criminal threats. Most live video surveillance is done periodically in response to a 'called-in' threat or to check up on the status of a remote facility.
Four fundamental options exist for viewing video:
Local Viewing directly from the DVR, NVR or servers is ideal for monitoring small facilities on site. This lets the video management system double as a viewing station, saving you the cost of setting up or using a PC. This approach is most common in retailers, banks and small businesses.

Remote PC Viewing is the most common way of viewing surveillance video. In this approach, standard PCs are used to view live and recorded video. Either a proprietary application is installed on the PC or a web browser is used. Most remote PC viewing is done with an installed application as it provides the greatest functionality. However, as web applications mature, more providers are offering powerful web viewing. The advantage of watching surveillance video using a web browser is that you do not have to install nor worry about upgrading a client.

Mobile Viewing allows security operators in the field to immediately check surveillance video. As responders and roving guards are common in security, mobile viewing has great potential. Though mobile clients have been available for at least 5 years, they have never become mainstream due to implementation challenges with PDAs/phones. Renewed interest and optimism has emerged with the introduction of the Apple iPhone.

Video Wall Viewing is ideal for large security operation centers that have hundreds or thousands of cameras under their jurisdiction. Video walls provide very large screens so that a group of people can simultaneously watch. This is especially critical when dealing with emergencies. Video walls generally have abilities to switch between feeds and to automatically display feeds from locations where alarms have been triggered.

7. Integrating Video with Other Systems
Many organizations use surveillance video by itself, simply pulling up the video management systems' client application to watch applications. However, for larger organizations and those with more significant security concerns, this is an inefficient and poor manner to perform security operations. Instead, these organizations prefer an approach similar to the military's common operational picture (COP) where numerous security systems all display on a singular interface.
Three ways exist to deliver such integration with video surveillance:

Access Control as Hub: Most organizations have electronic/IP access control systems. These systems have been designed for many years to integrate with other security systems such as intrusion detection and video surveillance. This is the most way to integrate video surveillance and relatively inexpensive ($10,000 - $50,000 USD). However, access control systems are often limited in the number and depth of integration they support.

PSIM as Hub: In the last few years, manufacturers now provide specialized applications whose sole purpose are to aggregate information from security systems (like video surveillance) and provide the most relevant information and optimal response policies. These applications tend to be far more expensive (($100,000 - $1,000,000 USD) yet support a far wider range of security manufacturers and offer more sophisticated features.

Video Management System as Hub: Increasingly, video management systems are adding in support for other security systems and security management features. If you only need limited integration, your existing video management system may provide an inexpensive (yet limited) solution.

8.Video Resolutions

1.Analog Video Resolutions
Video surveillance solutions use a set of standard resolutions. National Television System Committee (NTSC) and Phase Alternating Line (PAL) are the two prevalent analog video standards. PAL is used mostly in Europe, China, and Australia and specifies 625 lines per-frame with a 50-Hz refresh rate. NTSC is used mostly in the United States, Canada, and portions of South America and specifies 525 lines per-frame with a 59.94-Hz refresh rate.
These video standards are displayed in interlaced mode, which means that only half of the lines are refreshed in each cycle. Therefore, the refresh rate of PAL translates into 25 complete frames per second and NTSC translates into 30 (29.97) frames per second..
Table of Analog Video Resolutions (in pixels)
Format
NTSC-Based (in pixels)
PAL-Based (in pixels)
QCIF
176 × 120
176 × 144
CIF
352 × 240
352 × 288
2CIF
704 x 240
704 x 288
4CIF
704 × 480
704 × 576
D1
720 × 480
720 × 576
Note that the linear dimensions of 4CIF are twice as big as CIF. As a result, the screen area for 4CIF is four times that of CIF with higher bandwidth and storage requirements. The 4CIF and D1 resolutions are almost identical and sometimes the terms are used interchangeably.


2.Digital Video Resolutions
User expectations for resolution of video surveillance feeds are increasing partially due to the introduction and adoption of high-definition television (HDTV) for broadcast television. A 4CIF resolution, which is commonly deployed in video surveillance, is a 4/10th megapixel resolution. The HDTV formats are megapixel or higher. Table lists the typical resolutions available in the industry.

Size/ Format
Pixels
QQVGA
160x120
QVGA
320x240
VGA
640x480
HDTV
1280x720
1M
1280x960
1M
1280x1024
2M
1600x1200
HDTV
1920x1080
3M
2048x1536
While image quality is influenced by the resolution configured on the camera, the quality of the lens, sharpness of focus, and lighting conditions also come into play. For example, harshly lighted areas may not offer a well-defined image, even if the resolution is very high. Bright areas may be washed out and shadows may offer little detail. Cameras that offer wide dynamic range processing, an algorithm that samples the image several times with differing exposure settings and provides more detail to the very bright and dark areas, can offer a more detailed image.
As a best practice, do not assume the camera resolution is everything in regards to image quality. For a camera to operate in a day-night environment, (the absence of light is zero lux), the night mode must be sensitive to the infrared spectrum. It is highly recommended to conduct tests or pilot installations before buying large quantities of any model of camera.