ELECTRIC STRIKE LOCKS AND MAGNETIC LOCKS

 ELECTRIC STRIKE LOCKS AND MAGNETIC LOCKS

Access control locks on doors have come a long way in the past 30 years or so. They contribute more than you might think to our safety and security while at work, or while spending time in public buildings such as schools, government buildings, and healthcare facilities.

There’s a lot more than meets the eye when it comes to electronic door locking hardware. Because of their importance to safety and security, we thought we’d spend some time exploring two of the most common types of access control locks in use on buildings today — electric strike locks and magnetic locks — and discuss their different features, benefits, and potential drawbacks.

If you own or manage any kind of commercial building, healthcare facility or school, this post will give you a better understanding of these two very popular locks, including some of the advantages and disadvantages of each.

 

You’ll often see the terms “fail-safe” and “fail-secure” when looking at different access control systems. These are important terms to understand because they tell you how the lock will function in the event of a power failure:

·        “Fail-Safe” requires power to lock the door. If power is lost, then the door will become unlocked. (Typically Mag Locks)

·        “Fail-Secure” requires power to unlock the door. If power is lost, then the door will remain locked. (Typically Door Strikes)

It’s also important to have a basic understanding of the different parts and how they function together. Most door locks have three major components that work together to keep the door secure. They include the handle and the latch (the small metal bolt that sticks out of the side of the door when open), which together make up the lockset, and the strike. The strike, or “strike plate” is the metal plate or assembly installed on the inside of the door frame and is aligned to receive the latch and hold it secure.

Electric strikes are electromechanical door locking devices, meaning they are mechanical locks with electronic devices that provide additional functionality.

Electric strikes are used in combination with another form of locking devices, such as a lock set or a panic bar. They are installed in place of the conventional lock strike plate on the inside of the door frame. Electrical power is supplied to the strike, which holds the latch or lock bolt in place, keeping the door locked until the release system is activated.

The type of release system chosen will vary based on the application. Examples of release systems for electric strikes include reception release buttons, a keypad for entering passcodes, electronic key card or fob readers, etc. Once the release system is activated, a hinged piece of metal inside the electric strike will pivot to allow the door to open without having to turn the door handle.

The lock or panic hardware functions independently of the electric strike. Therefore, while the electric strike plate functions to keep the door locked from the outside, even if the power is out, you can still open the door from the inside by turning the door handle or pushing the touchpad of the panic hardware. This is an example of a fail-safe function. However, depending on the application, most electric strikes can be set to either fail-safe or fail-secure using an integral switch.

Magnetic or “Mag” Locks

Mag locks are electromagnetic door locking devices. A mag lock consists of a large electromagnet installed along the top of a door frame and a metal plate on the door that lines up with it. The lock functions by passing an electric current through the electromagnet, creating a magnetic charge that attracts the plate and holds it in place against the door frame. This keeps the door securely locked until the power is removed or interrupted.

Examples of release systems for mag locks include many of the same devices as for electric strikes. When energized, a mag lock can create a retention force greater than 1,000 pounds, making it a very effective lock. That is, until the power is cut. Because mag locks by design require a constant supply of electricity to remain locked, mag locks are fail-safe only — they do not function to keep the door locked from either side when the power is out.

Choosing the Right Locks for Your Building

When comparing magnetic locks to electric strikes, important factors to consider include whether it will be used on an interior, exterior, or fire rated door; the purpose of the door; and the relevant life safety regulations.

Budget concerns, while also important, should be considered secondary to these. Choosing a lock based solely on cost often leads to higher costs in the end when it is discovered that the lock is not code-compliant or that it does not work for the application for which it was intended.

The following table provides a summary of some of the features of each type of lock and some of the advantages and disadvantages that you may want to consider when choosing a locking mechanism for your doors.

Features	Electric Strikes	Mag Locks
Functionality	Electromechanical	Electromagnetic
	Works in combination with a mechanical locking mechanism by replacing the standard fixed strike of the lock with an electronically controlled strike.	Works independently of the mechanical door latch by means of an electric current passed through an electromagnet installed on the door frame creating a magnetic charge that bonds to a metal armature plate on the door.
	An access control device is used to trigger the strike plate and release the lock bolt or latch.	An access control device is used to cut power to the electromagnet to trigger the release of the lock.
Power Fail Modes	Can be fail-safe or fail-secure.	Only available fail-safe.
Installation	Mounted in the frame, and its wires are typically inside the frame.	Installed on the face of the door and frame, it can be installed relatively easily by most contractors.
Advantages	An electric strike is much less likely to delay egress because it can be easily operated from the inside of the building.	One of the most effective types of hardware for securing both sides of a door.
	Lockset can stay locked but the strike releases to allow the power operator to freely swing the door open.	Easy to install with no interconnecting parts.
	Acts as a release — Can be used on a door with an automatic opener.	Reliability — with no moving parts, they suffer less damage in an attempted forced entry.
	Availability as either fail-safe or fail-secure allows for a wider variety of uses.	Quick release — unlock instantly when the power is cut, allowing for quick release compared to other locks.
Disadvantages	Visible to the door user, which can make it more susceptible to tampering	Potential safety hazard — can slow egress in the event of an emergency.
	Complexity of devices typically requires skilled installers	Can fail in the event of a power outage, disabling security.
	Must be precisely matched to the hardware on the door, or they will not work	Can become difficult to open the longer the mag lock is continuously locked.
		Requires battery backups to be secure during a power outage, which requires routine inspection and replacement of batteries.
		Can be easily tampered with.
Relative Costs	$$-$$$	$$$-$$$$

It is important to remember that door locks in public buildings must meet applicable regulations based on the type of door on which the lock is to be used. Most safety codes pertain to egress doors — those that provide occupants a way to escape the building in the event of an emergency. This includes a number of different types of interior doors and exterior doors.

In most cases, door hardware is required to provide for free egress at all times with hardware that is readily openable from the egress side without a key, special knowledge or effort; and depending on the code, may also require the ability to open in one action. Relevant regulations regarding means of egress can be found in:

·        Chapter 10 of the International Building Code (IBC) and International Fire Code (IFC)

·        Chapter 7 of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 101 Life Safety Code

·        Chapter 11 of the NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code

Additional regulations regarding the use of locks on fire rated doors can be found in Chapter 6 of the NFPA 80 Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives.

You may need one or both types of locks on the different doors within your building. Hopefully, this post has provided you with the information you can use to determine if the locks you currently use for access control are adequately meeting those needs and are compliant with all the relevant codes. If you’re not sure, SSA Integrate can help. We have Certified Access Control & fire experts that can help you determine the best solution to meet your security needs while keeping you compliant with all the relevant codes. Contact SSA Integrate today to learn more.

Elevator Surveillance Guide

 Elevator Surveillance Guide

Installing surveillance in an elevator can be challenging. Small but wide areas, vandal resistance, and transmission methods all present challenges not found in other areas cameras are installed. In this note, we look at:

• Form factor: Box vs. dome vs. specialty
• Resolution: How much is necessary?
• Transmission: Wired vs. wireless vs laser methods
• Dealing with electrical contractors

Form Factor

The first decision to make when considering elevator cameras is form factor. Minidome and corner mount are the two most common options in use as they most compact compared to box, bullet, or full sized dome cameras. Other form factors, such as box or bullet may be more easily tampered with due to the low ceiling height of the elevators, and more easily knocked out of position.

Minidome

The key advantage to minidomes is camera choice, as most manufacturers offer cameras in this form factor, with numerous resolution and lens options. These options are not generally seen in corner mount cameras.

However, they are more obtrusive than many corner mount housings, and do not blend into the interior of the elevator as well. Where aesthetics are the key concern, domes may not be preferred.

Corner Mount

This type of mount places the camera in a roughly triangular housing made to cover one of the elevator's corners. Some are sold as unitized housing/camera packages, while other manufacturers sell housings meant to accept a box camera. Size and appearance varies depending on manufacturer:

They key drawback to corner mount cameras is limited availability. Most manufacturers do not offer corner mount options, and those that do typically only offer one or two models, with limited resolution and lens choices. Larger corner housings built for box cameras add more flexibility, but are larger and more obtrusive.

Field of View/Resolution

Given elevators' small size, generally under 10' wide, users typically choose to cover the full car instead of just the doors. This gives them not only the opportunity to view comings and goings, tracking subjects throughout a facitity, but to view potential incidents in the elevator, as well. However, care should be taken that pixels per foot (PPF) does not drop below acceptable levels for recognition if no other cameras will provide facial shots of subjects, e.g. lobby and hallway cameras.

For example, using an actual 103° field of view from an elevator camera with Camera Calculator, we can see the difference between VGA, 720p, and 1080p in a typical 8x8' elevator. Estimating ~9' to target to reliably capture subjects as they enter through the elevator doors, 720p provides 56 PPF in this scene. This is likely enough to provide identification quality video under good lighting. VGA provides only 28 PPF, too low for recognition, while 1080p provides 85, more than enough.

Mounting Height

Since most people look down while walking, and criminals may actively avoid cameras, mounting height in elevators should be carefully considered for the best chance of capture. As we found cameras are typically best mounted as low as possible, with ~8' being a "sweet spot", better able to see those with heads down or hats on while also see over subjects beneath the camera.

This image shows the effects of mounting height and the subject's face angle, displaying the difference in capture quality at various mounting heights with the subject's face level as well as tilted down.

Signal Transmission

Once the camera has been selected, installers must decide how signal will be carried from the elevator. There are three typical options for this:

• Traveler cable
• RF wireless
• Optical laser

Traveler Cable

Connections between the elevator car and the machine room for power and signal are made via a specialized traveler cable. This cable is attached to the car, typically to the bottom, and to the top or center of the shaft. The construction of this cable varies, but it typically contains multiple twisted pair conductors for power and control, and possibly a UTP or coaxial cable for video. 

This image shows cross-sections of various flat traveler cables:

Generally speaking, since these cables are often attached to the top of the shaft, making the cable approximately twice the height of the shaft, UTP is not a usable solution for Ethernet. Buildings of 12-14 stories can easily have a 300' traveling cable, which exceeds the maximum distance category cables can be run, before even considering horizontal runs to an equipment room or IDF. In low-rise buildings, UTP may be an option, however. Fiber-optic and coaxial cables may be considered otherwise.

RF Wireless

The second option is to opt for wireless connectivity, utilizing a pair of wireless APs between the car and bottom or top of shaft. Both are used in practice, with the bottom of the shaft generally chosen for easier servicing. In this case, local power must be obtained from the car, which may involve the elevator contractor. Power is readily available, however, due to lights and air conditioning installed in the car.

Wireless eliminates the issue of necessary conductors in the traveler cable, but presents challenges of its own. Cables and conduits located in the elevator shaft may cause interference, making wireless connectivity unreliable. Very narrow beamwidth antennas may be used to compensate for this, but antenna alignment must be carefully set and maintained over time.

Optical Wireless

Optical wireless uses a pair of laser transceivers, one mounted to the car, the other in the shaft, to send/receive data. This is specified to handle elevator shafts up to 75 floors.

Optical product performance is degraded by dust, dirt, and other debris which may fall in the elevator shaft and as such should be cleaned regularly.

Dealing With Elevator Contractors

Normally, most facilities maintain service contracts with an elevator contractor, since the elevator must undergo routine maintenance. These contractors may be difficult to deal with, as a number of users have shared. They are often hesitant to modify existing traveling cables for new services, simply because it complicates (however slightly) their routine maintenance of the elevator with a system outside their control. If the traveling cable is insufficient to add video, installing a new cable is, most times, cost prohibitive, and may remove the elevator from service for several days. Both of these add up to expenses users may not wish to incur.

To avoid the coordination and expense required to have the elevator vendor add video to a car, users and integrators may attempt to add their own cable to the car. There are two things to be aware of in this case: 

• Third parties attempting to modify the cable without the contractor's permission will void warranties and service contracts in most cases. Even leaving existing cables alone and simply zip-tying a new UTP cable to it may be frowned upon.
• According to NEC code, hoistway cables must be listed for use in these applications, and be of type E. Standard UTP, fiber, and coaxial cables do not meet these requirements.

 

Before Buying Intrusion Alarm System

Before Buying Intrusion Alarm System 

This is a short note on Intrusion or Burglar alarm system. A burglar alarm system is not something you shop for regularly. That’s because it’s an important purchase for your business that is meant to last — so make sure you have the best. While you can always upgrade as new technology is released, you still need to trust that your alarm system will work when it needs to.

In terms of cost, a high-quality alarm system can be expensive but it is an investment that provides peace of mind.

The system charges are generally separate from the monthly subscription costs besides the installation fees. While there is a lot to learn about alarm systems, it’s important to first learn which one would be the best fit for your home by reaching out to the professionals and asking the right questions.

Here are three questions you need to ask before deciding on which home alarm system is right for your home or your small offices:

Question #1: Accreditation?
The first question you should ask is to make sure that the company has the required accreditations to perform the service. There are a lot of companies who claim they have all the required levels of accreditations, but that might not be true. If they are able to produce some level of documentation that could authenticate that, it can’t get much better than that.

Question #2: Type of System?
The second question to ask is the type of system that is best for your business. Some homes are configured for both wired and wireless security systems while some are not. Hence, you need to be sure about it and avoid settling for a type of connection that is not already configured at your facility.

Question #3: How Much?
The most important question to ask is the cost associated with the total installation. Some companies offer incentives like free installation while others may offer discounts on monthly subscriptions.

Since there are so many types of commercial alarm systems available on the market, that suits your needs and your budget; just because a provider promises you the best, doesn’t mean and could be more effective doesn’t mean you necessarily need it.

Question #4: Installation by whom?
This is another most important questing to ask installation, testing & training of system that is best for your business. Both wired and wireless security systems recommended to involve certified installer. Non-certified experienced person may share password and backdoor entry details with hacker and connection that is not already configured correctly as per your needs.

Hopefully, this post has provided you with the information you can use to determine if you going to install. If you’re not sure, SSA Integrate can help. We have Texecom Certified (Level 3) Intrusion experts that can help you determine the best solution to meet your security needs while keeping you compliant with all the relevant codes. Contact SSA Integrate today to learn more.

Police stations must have functional CCTV cameras

Police stations must have functional CCTV cameras

The premier investigating agencies comes under the scanner of CCTV. The Supreme Court today (December 2, 2020) directed Centre to install CCTV cameras and recording equipment in the offices of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), National Investigating Agency (NIA), Enforcement Directorate (ED), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), Department of Revenue Intelligence (DRI), Serious Fraud Investigating Office (SFIO) & any other agency which carries out interrogation and has power of arrest.

Supreme Court through its judgement dated December 02nd, 2020 emphasized the pressing need for all State Police Forces to implement IP based CCTV surveillance system in each police station of the state / UT in order to prevent unlawful activities, ensuring safety of its citizens and also to efficiently deal with the cases involving allegations of torture in custody.

The Supreme Court has passed directions for constitution of “Oversight Committees” at the State (State Level Oversight Committee) and District (District Level Oversight Committee) level for ongoing installation and maintenance of CCTVs in Police Stations across all UTs and States while it directed Finance Departments of all UTs and States to allocate fund for it. 

The State Level Oversight Committee must consist of:

(i) The Secretary/Additional Secretary, Home Department;

(ii) Secretary/Additional Secretary, Finance Department;

(iii) The Director General/Inspector General of Police; and

(iv) The Chairperson/member of the State Women’s Commission.

So far as the District Level Oversight Committee is concerned, this should comprise of:

(i) The Divisional Commissioner/ Commissioner of Divisions/ Regional Commissioner/ Revenue Commissioner Division of the District (by whatever name called);

(ii) The District Magistrate of the District;

(iii) A Superintendent of Police of that District; and

(iv) A mayor of a municipality within the District/ a Head of the Zilla Panchayat in rural areas.

Salient features of Supreme Court Judgement in respect of CCTV surveillance of all Police Stations in the country.

• CCTV cameras should be installed at each and every Police Station and no part of a Police Station should be left uncovered, it is imperative to ensure that CCTV cameras are installed at following locations:
  Entry and exit points, Main gate of the police station, All lock-ups, All corridors, lobby/the reception area, All verandas/outhouses, Inspector’s room, Sub-Inspector’s room, Areas outside the lock-up room, Station hall, In front of the police station compound, Outside (not inside) washrooms/toilets, Duty Officer’s room, Back part of the police station etc.
• CCTVs shall also be installed in all the offices where interrogation and holding of accused takes place in the same manner as it would in a police station
• CCTV systems that have to be installed must be equipped with night vision and must necessarily consist of audio as well as video footage.
• In areas where there is either no electricity and/or internet, it shall be the duty of the States/Union Territories to provide the same as expeditiously as possible using any mode of providing electricity, including solar/wind power.
• The internet systems should support clear image resolutions and audio.
• CCTV camera footages should be preserved for a maximum possible period up to 18 months but not lesser than 12 months
• An oversight mechanism should be created whereby an independent committee can study the CCTV camera footages and periodically publish a report of its observations thereon.
• The District Level Oversight Committee shall have the following obligations:
• Health Monitoring and reporting of the CCTV systems
• To review footage stored from CCTVs in the various Police Stations to check for any human rights violation that may have occurred but are not reported
• The Commission/Court can immediately summon CCTV camera footage in relation to the complaint of any incident for its safe keeping, which may then be made available to an investigation agency in order to further process the complaint made to it.
• Posters at the entrance and inside of police station informing about the coverage of premises by CCTV, their privilege to file complaint to given authorities in case of any human rights violations inside the premises

The Government of Bihar has taken a huge step forward in its efforts to introduce transparency in the functioning of the police forces in the state. The Bihar State Electronics Development Corporation Ltd (BELTRON) has recently completed an ambitious project to bring the police stations of the state under 24×7 CCTV surveillance. More than 10,000 IP based CCTV cameras have been installed at over 900 police stations of Bihar. The project initiated and funded by the Home Department, Government of Bihar aims to fulfill the mandate of the Hon’ble Supreme Court to bring all police stations of the country under constant CCTV surveillance to protect human rights and prevent the use of torture in detention. The project was awarded to TATA Advanced Systems Ltd, one of India’s leading Physical & Cyber Security firms through a competitive bidding process at a cost of Rs 168 crores including operation and maintenance support for 5 years. Mr. C P Kariappa, Vice President, Tata Advanced Systems said “At TASL we have always taken pride in executing projects that build the nation, it was a prestigious project to be completed in challenging timeline across the state. Our teams could meet the expectations of customer despite disruptions due to flood and Covid-19”. The entire surveillance system is powered by Solar and online UPS to ensure 24X7 operations even if there is disruption in power supply. Mr. Kariappa further said “It was a pleasure working with Home Department, Govt of Bihar, Bihar Police and Beltron; this would not have been possible without their active participation and support. Also, we had an excellent team and partner ecosystem that lived up to all the challenges that was faced during the execution period”.

Bihar Government has plans to upgrade the existing system in line with the directions given by the Supreme Court and also extend it to the remaining police stations including outposts in the near future.

(2018) 5 SCC 311, directed that a Central Oversight Body be set up by the Ministry of Home Affairs to implement the plan of action with respect to the use of videography in the crime scene during the investigation. While considering the directions issued in D.K. Basu Vs. State of West Bengal & Others (2015) 8 SCC 744, it had held that there was a need for further directions that in every State an oversight mechanism be created whereby an independent committee can study the CCTV camera footages and periodically publish a report of its observations thereon. The COB was further directed to issue appropriate instructions in this regard at the earliest.

The Ministry of Home Affairs had constituted the Central Oversight Committee to oversee the implementation of the use of photography and videography in the crime scene by the State / Union Territory Government and other Central Agencies, to suggest the possibility of setting up a Central Server for implementation of videography, and to issue appropriate directions so as to ensure that use of videography becomes a reality in a phased manner.

The Court on 16/07/2020 had issued further notice to the MHA on the question of audio-video recordings of Section 161 CrPC statements as is provided by Section 161 (3) proviso, as well as the larger question as to installation of CCTV cameras in police stations generally. After which, action taken report was filed by 14 States till 24/11/2020, namely, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Nagaland, Karnataka, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim, Mizoram, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur; and 2 Union Territories, namely, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Puducherry.

The Court noted that the majority of the Compliance Affidavits and Action Taken Reports fail to disclose the exact position of CCTV cameras qua each Police Station. Further, it noted that the position qua constitution of Oversight Committees in accordance with the Order dated 03.04.2018, and/or details with respect to the Oversight Committees already constituted in the respective States and Union Territory have also not been disclosed.

Accordingly, the Supreme Court has passed the direction for filing of the Compliance affidavits by all the States and Union Territories by either the Principal Secretary of the State or the Secretary, Home Department of the States/Union Territories. “These affidavits are to be filed within a period of six weeks from today,” it said.

The Supreme Court has passed the slew of directions;

The Director General/Inspector General of Police of each State and Union Territory should issue directions to the person in charge of a Police Station to entrust the SHO of the concerned Police Station with the responsibility of assessing the working condition of the CCTV cameras installed in the police station and also to take corrective action to restore the functioning of all non-functional CCTV cameras. The SHO should also be made responsible for CCTV data maintenance, backup of data, fault rectification etc.

The State and Union Territory Governments should ensure that CCTV cameras are installed in each and every Police Station functioning in the respective State and/or Union Territory. Further, in order to ensure that no part of a Police Station is left uncovered, it is imperative to ensure that CCTV cameras are installed at all entry and exit points; main gate of the police station; all lock-ups; all corridors; lobby/the reception area; all verandas/outhouses, Inspector’s room; Sub-Inspector’s room; areas outside the lock-up room; station hall; in front of the police station compound; outside (not inside) washrooms/toilets; Duty Officer’s room; back part of the police station etc.

CCTV systems that have to be installed must be equipped with night vision and must necessarily consist of audio as well as video footage. In areas in which there is either no electricity and/or internet, it shall be the duty of the States/Union Territories to provide the same as expeditiously as possible using any mode of providing electricity, including solar/wind power. If the recording equipment, available in the market today, does not have the capacity to keep the recording for 18 months but for a lesser period of time, it shall be mandatory for all States, Union Territories and the Central Government to purchase one which allows storage for the maximum period possible, and, in any case, not below 1 year. It is also made clear that this will be reviewed by all the States so as to purchase equipment which is able to store the data for 18 months as soon as it is commercially available in the market. The affidavit of compliance to be filed by all States and Union Territories and Central Government shall clearly indicate that the best equipment available as of date has been purchased.

The Madhya Pradesh High Court while hearing a plea against alleged unlawful detention of the Petitioner by local Police authorities in the state, made prima facie observation that in order to escape liability, the Police often take a false stand that the CCTVs installed at Police station are not functioning. This Court feels prima facie that in order to cover up instances of unlawful detention by the police, the police comes up with the argument that the CCTV cameras are dysfunctional,” observed a Bench of Justice Atul Sreedharan.

It added that such a stand taken by the Police does not augur well for the ordinary citizens of the State as it creates an environment of giving an opportunity to the Police to act with impunity in complete disregard to human rights and personal liberty and enables them to detain anyone in the police station and conveniently give an explanation that the CCTV cameras were disfunctional during the period which the citizen says that he was unlaw detainer in the police station.

The remarks were made after the Court noted contradictions in the statements made by the local Police and by the Prosecutor, regarding reasons for not furnishing CCTV footage of the alleged date of detention. The former claimed that CCTV footage cannot be given as the cameras are not functioning since February 17. The prosecutor on the other hand submitted that the CCTV footage of the said period cannot be shown to the petitioner as that would reveal the identity of the source informant.

The facts of the petitioner’s case reveal a very shocking state of affairs in the State of Madhya Pradesh,” the Bench remarked while expressing surprise at the contrary stance. It noted that the prosecutor’s excuse for not giving the footage logically means that the CCTV cameras were functioning and there was indeed footage. But the police on the other hand claimed that the cameras themselves had turned dysfunctional from February, 2021.

In these circumstances, the Bench noted that the case discloses a larger issue and it has therefore summoned DIG- Bhopal (Urban), and SP (South Bhopal) on the next date of hearing, through video conferencing. They have been asked to come up with an explanation as to why the cameras were dysfunctional from 17.2.2021, whether the authorities who had to be informed about the dysfunctionality of the cameras were duly so informed by the SHO of PS Piplan, Bhopal and if they were so informed, what were the steps taken forthwith by those officials to have the cameras rectified in the shortest possible time.

Ref: 

https://www.isrmag.com/supreme-court-directive-to-implement-cctvs-in-all-police-stations-across-india/
https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2020/12/02/sc-directs-all-states-uts-to-install-cctv-cameras-in-all-police-station-read-how-cctv-cameras-will-help-curb-custodial-violence/